（通用版）高考化学三轮复习 专题二 回扣“9种”核心物质的性质及应用教案-人教版高三全册化学教案VIP免费

回扣“9种”核心物质的性质及应用一、由点到面构建知识框架二、重要方程式再现1．常见金属及其化合物(1)过氧化钠吸收空气中的二氧化碳：________________________________________________________________________。(2)过氧化钠溶于水：________________________________________________________________________。(3)纯碱溶液中通入CO2气体：________________________________________________________________________。(4)电解饱和食盐水：________________________________________________________________________。(5)铝片溶于烧碱溶液：________________________________________________________________________。(6)用AlCl3溶液和氨水制备Al(OH)3：________________________________________________________________________。(7)NaAlO2溶液与NaHCO3溶液混合：________________________________________________________________________。(8)泡沫灭火器的反应原理：________________________________________________________________________。(9)FeCl2溶液中滴加氯水：________________________________________________________________________。(10)用FeCl3溶液腐蚀铜片：________________________________________________________________________。(11)铝热反应(金属氧化物Fe3O4)：________________________________________________________________________。(12)镁在二氧化碳中燃烧：________________________________________________________________________。答案(1)2Na2O2＋2CO2===2Na2CO3＋O2(2)2Na2O2＋2H2O===4NaOH＋O2↑(3)Na2CO3＋CO2＋H2O===2NaHCO3(或CO＋CO2＋H2O===2HCO)(4)2NaCl＋2H2O=====Cl2↑＋H2↑＋2NaOH(或2Cl－＋2H2O=====Cl2↑＋H2↑＋2OH－)(5)2Al＋2NaOH＋2H2O===2NaAlO2＋3H2↑(或2Al＋2OH－＋2H2O===2AlO＋3H2↑)(6)AlCl3＋3NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋3NH4Cl(或Al3＋＋3NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋3NH)(7)NaAlO2＋NaHCO3＋H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋Na2CO3(8)Al3＋＋3HCO===Al(OH)3↓＋3CO2↑(9)2FeCl2＋Cl2===2FeCl3(或2Fe2＋＋Cl2===2Fe3＋＋2Cl－)(10)2FeCl3＋Cu===2FeCl2＋CuCl2(或2Fe3＋＋Cu===2Fe2＋＋Cu2＋)(11)3Fe3O4＋8Al=====9Fe＋4Al2O3(12)2Mg＋CO2=====2MgO＋C2．常见非金属及其化合物(1)实验室用MnO2和浓盐酸制氯气：________________________________________________________________________。(2)用烧碱溶液吸收尾气中的Cl2：________________________________________________________________________。(3)氯水滴入KBr溶液，比较Cl2和Br2的氧化性：________________________________________________________________________。(4)铜片溶于浓硫酸：________________________________________________________________________。(5)SO2使溴水褪色：________________________________________________________________________。(6)硫化氢与二氧化硫气体混合产生浅黄色沉淀：________________________________________________________________________。(7)SO2型酸雨在空气中放置酸性增强：________________________________________________________________________。(8)CuSO4溶液吸收H2S气体：________________________________________________________________________。(9)实验室用NH4Cl取制氨气：________________________________________________________________________。(10)氨气的催化氧化反应：________________________________________________________________________。(11)铜溶于稀硝酸：________________________________________________________________________。(12)久置浓硝酸变黄：________________________________________________________________________。(13)工业上制取粗硅：________________________________________________________________________。(14)硅酸钠溶液中通入少量CO2：________________________________________________________________________。答案(1)MnO2＋4HCl(...