基于单片机的超声波流量计的设计摘要：超生波的流量检测是根据超声波在流动的流体中传播的过程中会载有流体的流速信息这一原理，通过简便、可靠的信号处理方法，把这个流速信息转换成流量信息。本文详细介绍了超声波流量检测技术的基本原理和实现方法，在借鉴和吸收国内外先进的超声波流量检测技术的基础上，设计出了完整的系统硬件，并且给出了系统软件的设计思想。超声波流量计由于具有非接触式测量、测量范围宽、安装简便、以及特别适合大管径及危险性流体流量测量等优点，被水利、电力、冶金、选矿、选煤等部门广泛应用,经常需要精确计量和控制液体的流速和流量。测量流体流量的仪表统称为流量计或流量表，它是工业测量中重要的仪表之一。超声波流量计与以往传统的流量计相比，具有很多优点，是一种非常理想的节能型流量计。目前应用较多的超声波流量计测量方法主要有时差法、多普勒效应法、相关法、噪声法、波束偏移法等，其中时差法应用最为普遍。本设计以单片机AT89S51为主控芯片，通过对超声波的深入研究，利用时差法实现了对流量的测量，另外本设计通过对系统软硬件的合理设计，提高了系统的精度及系统稳定性。关键字：单片机，AT89S51，超声波，流量计，时差法IUltrasonicflowmeterbasedonthedesignofsinglechipAbstract：Theultrasonicflowmeasurementtechnology’soperatingtheoryisthatwhenultrasonicpasstheliquid,itcarriesoutthesignalreflectingtheliquid’sflowvelocity,andthen,thesignalwillbeusedtocomputetheflow.Thepaperintroducesbasicprincipleandrealizingmethodoftheultrasonicflowmeasurementtechnology.Onbasisofabsorbingandreferringtothedomesticandforeignadvancedultrasonicflowmeasurementtechnology,thesystemhardwareisdesignedandtheideaofthesystemsoftwareisgiven.Ultrasonicflowmeterhasbeenwidelyusedinwaterworks,electricity,metallurgyandmineralprocessinginvirtueofitsmanyadvantages,suchasnon-contact,widemeasurementscope,convenienceofinstallation,especiallyacceptableformeasurementoflargeflowandflowindangerousenvironment.Itoftenrequiresprecisemeasurementandcontrolofliquidflowrateandflow.Measurementoffluidflowmeterorinstrumentreferredtoasflowmeter,whichisanimportantinstrumentofindustrialmeasurementone.Ultrasonicflowmeter,comparedwithpreviousconventionalflowmeterhasmanyadvantages,isanidealenergy-savingflowmeter.Applicationofmorecurrentmeasurementultrasonicflowmeteraretimedifference,theDopplereffectmethod,correlation,noisemethod,thebeamoffsetlaw,includingthemostcommonapplicationoftimedifference.ThedesignforthemainchipmicrocontrollerAT89S51,throughin-depthstudyofultrasound,theuseoftransit-timeflowmeasurementrealized,whilethedesignofthesystemthroughtherationaldesignofhardwareandsoftwaretoimprovethesystemaccuracyandsystemstability.Keywords:microcontroller,AT89S51,ultrasonic,flowmeter,transit-timeII目录1绪论..........................................................................................................................................................11.1选题依据及研究意义.......................................................................................................................11.2超声波的概述....................................................................................................................................21.2.1超声波的相关概念.....................................................................................................................21.2.2超声波的研究发展和应用..........................................................................................................21.3流量计概述......................................................
