英语词汇学知识点归纳总结VIP免费

EnglishLexicology(英语词汇学)Lexicology（词汇学）：isabranchoflinguistics，inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords。TheNatureandScopeofEnglishlexicology：EnglishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthemorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemanticstructures，relations，historicaldevelopment,formationandusages。ThesubjectsthatEnglishLexicologycorrelatedwithandextentto：EnglishLexicologyiscorrelatedwithsuchlinguisticdisciplinesasmorphology(形态学），semantics(语义学）,etymology（词源学),stylistics（文体论）andlexicography（词典学）ThereasonforastudenttostudyEnglishlexicology：Accordingtothetextbook，EnglishLexicologywilldefinitelybebeneficialforstudentsofEnglish.AgoodknowledgeofmorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandrulesofword-formationwillhelplearnersdeveloptheirpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreasetheirwordpower。Theinformationofthehistoricaldevelopmentandtheprinciplesofclassificationwillgivethemadeeperunderstandingofword-meaningandenablethemtoorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively。Theunderstandingandtheirsenserelationswillgraduallyraisetheirawarenessofmeaningandusage，andenablethemusewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately.Aworkingknowledgeofdictionarieswillimprovetheirskillsofusingreferencebooksandraisetheirproblem-solvingabilityandefficiencyofindividualstudy.Chapter1——BasicconceptsofwordsandvocabularyWord（词的定义）:Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage(2）asoundunity(3）aunitofmeaning（4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentenceSoundandmeaning(声音与意义）:almostarbitrary,“nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself”Soundandform（读音和形式):不统一的四个原因（1)theEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans，whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachother（2)thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears（3）someofthedifferencewerecreatesbytheearlyscribes(4）theborrowingsisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabularyVocabulary（词汇)：allthewordsinalanguagemakeupitsvocabularyClassificationofEnglishWords：资料Byusefrequency:basicwordstock&nonbasicvocabularyBynotion:contentwords＆functionalwordsByorigin：nativewords&borrowedwordsThebasicwordstock（基本词汇）:isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage。ThoughitconstituteasmallpercentageoftheEV，itisthemostimportantpartofvocabulary.TheFundamentalFeaturesoftheBasicWordStock(基本词汇的特征)：1)All-Nationalcharacter(全民通用性mostimportant）2）Stability（相对稳定性）3)Productivity（多产性）4）Polysemy（多义性）5)Collocability（可搭配性）没有上述特征的words：(1）Terminology(术语）（2)Jargon（行话)（3）slang（俚语）（4）Argot（暗语）(5)Dialectalwords(方言）（6)Archaisms（古语）(7）Neologisms(新词语）:Neologismsmeansnewly-createdwordsorexpressions，orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings.（email）Contentwords/notionalwords实词(cloud,runwalk，never，five，frequently）andfunctionalwords/emptywords虚词（on,of，and，be，but）NativeWordsandBorrowedWordsNativewords（本族语词）:knownasAnglo-Saxonwords（50,000—60,000）,arewordsbroughttoBritaininthe5thcenturybytheGermanictribes。（mainstreamofthebasicword—stocks）.Twootherfeatures:（1）neutralinstyle（2）frequentinuseBorrowedwords/Loanwords（外来语词）:wordstakeno...