完形填空突破(八)——语法知识题完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目,考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点以及短文所留空格中要填的词在句子里作什么成分,哪类词合适,应采取什么形式等进行认真的分析思考。比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、及物、不及物、主谓搭配以及固定搭配等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题是一种非常有效的解题方法。1．根据行文关系,准确判断代词在一篇文章的后文中,为了简便起见,对于前文出现的人或物往往用代词代替,完形填空中也经常会有考查这方面语法现象的试题。考生在做这类试题时,要注意人称代词的单复数形式、替代词的特指和泛指等。典例Whenthechildrencamebacktostealher29,shehadthemstuckonthetree.Theyhadtobegherlong30shegavethetreepermissiontolet31go.AuntyMiserywasfreefromthe32atlast.(2008·陕西)31．A.itB．themC．himD．her答案B解析本题考查代词的指代问题。结合文意,此处是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。2．根据逻辑联系,恰当使用从句定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句是构成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多试题是关于从句知识的,旨在考查考生的语篇行文逻辑推理能力。做此类试题时,考生要注意判断空白处在句中充当的成分,以及前后部分的逻辑关系等。3．根据态度情感,准确使用情态动词典例Thenextmorningthestranger,actuallyasorcerer(巫师),thankedherbygranting(允准)her26thatanyonewhoclimbeduphertree27notbeabletocomebackdownuntilshe28it.(2008·陕西)B．demandC．permissionD．wish27．A.couldB．shouldC．mightD．mustB．promisedC．answeredD．declared,此处应是她的一个很难实现的愿望,而不是suggestion建议；demand要求；permission允许,故选D项。27．考查情态动词。wish是先行词,同位语从句的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”。might和could通常不与beableto连用；must表示“必须”。28．此处意为“……直到她允许,爬上树的人才可以下来”,故选A项。1WhilewatchingtheOlympicstheothernight,1wasswimmingandstartedwithonlythreemen.Foronereasonoranother,twoofthemhada2start,sotheyweredisqualified.Thatwouldhavebeendifficultenough,nothavinganyoneto3against.Iwatchedtheman4offtheblocksandknewimmediatelythatsomethingwaswrong.NowI’mnotanexpert5butIdoknowagooddive6apoorone,andthiswasnotexactlymedal7.Ilistenedtothecrowdbeginto8thispoormanwhowasclearlyhavinga9time.Finallyhemadehisturntostartback.Itwas10.Hemadeafewdesperatestrokes(划水)andyoucouldtellhewasexhausted.Butinthosefew11strokes,thecrowdhadchanged.Nolongerweretheylaughing,butbeginningto12.Someevenbeganto13thingslike,“Comeon,youcandoit！”,andhe14finishedhisrace.Thecrowdwent15.Eventhoughherecordedoneofthe16timesinOlympichistory,thismangavemoreheartthananyoftheother17.Inacompetitionwhereathletesremovetheirsilvermedals,feelingtheyhave18beencheatedoutofgold,orwhentheyactso19infrontoftheircompetitors,itisnicetowatchanunderdog(失败者),amanthatgavehisall—knowingthathehadnochance,butcompetedbecauseofhis20andthespiritofthegames.1．A.viewB．eventC．gameD．match答案B解析event此处意为“(比赛)项目”。B．nervousC．strangeD．violent答案A解析afalsestart(运动中)抢在指令前行动。此处理解为其他选手抢跳了,犯规出局。3．A.fightB．struggleC．defendD．race答案D解析其他人都被罚下场了,只剩这一名运动员,没有人跟他竞技了。4．A.setB．bounceC．diveD．fall答案C解析从泳道起点的出发台上跳下泳池,dive此处意为“跳水”。5．A.swimmerB．coachC．judgeD．adviser答案A解析“我”不是内行的游泳者,但“我”也能看出入水这一跳的好坏。6．A.fromB．inC．beyondD．between答案A解析固定搭配knowAfromB,意为“区分,辨别”。B．qualityC．exampleD．sign答案B解析这一跳可不具有得奖牌应有的水平。8...
