高中英语 Unit 4 Global Warming 分词用法详解学案 新人教版选修6高二 VIP免费

现在分词和过去分词的用法现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句【例如】Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Usingwhatyouknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismothersillness.分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。【例如】Nothavingenoughhands,weturnedtothemforhelp.(wedon’thaveenoughhands).____theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedge.A)HavingsbelievedB)BelievingC)BelievedD)Beingbelieved本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.Nomatterhowfrequently____,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.A)performingB)performedC)tobeperformedD)beingperformed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.A)BeingpublishedB)PublishedC)PublishingD)Tobepublished本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.2)“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when,once,although,until,if等连词。【例如】Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork.Oncerecovered,hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.Althoughworkingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.Iftranslatedwordbyword,thepassagewillbedifficulttounderstand.3)分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。【例如】Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.Moreandmoredevelopingcountriesestablishedstrategicpartnershipwithdevelopedcountries.TheyoungsittingbetweenmysisterandmybrotherismycousinJack..Asearlyas1649Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown____50householdsormore.A)havingB)tohaveC)tohavehadD)havinghad后面由分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词，答案为A。4)分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find,glimpse,glance等感官动词和lookat,listento等短语动词以及have,keep,get,catch,leave,set,start,send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。【例如】Onthetopofthehill,wecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneysinthevillage.Thelittleboysatbesidetherailwaylineandwatchedthetrainsroaringby.Weshouldnotleavehimwonderingwhatheshoulddo.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.Icaughthimdozingoffinclass.过去分词可以在allow,ask,consider,desire,expect,feel,find,get,have,hear,...