Unit5ThePowerofNature学案3–ing形式作状语一、ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。用法例句时间Crossingtheroad,hewasranoverbyacar.Havingdonetheirhomework,thestudentsplayedfootball.原因NotknowingEnglish,hecouldn'tunderstandthefilm.HavinglivedinShanghai,heknowstheplaceverywell.条件Workinghard,youwilldowellintheexam.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.让步Workingorreading,shealwaysdidherbest.Notbeingarichmanhimself,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.伴随Thechildrenwentintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Shesatthere,staringattheceiling.结果Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.二、–ing形式的完成式句型主动Having+p.p.…,主语+谓语被动(Havingbeen)+p.p…,主语+谓语用法-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用例句Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.三、学习-ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点:一、与过去分词作状语的区别。一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较:Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons.Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic.分析:前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated和frightened表原因,它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为被动关系。二、分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。1.Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.2.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.3.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中havinggone的逻辑主语是thetrain。三、-ing形式的否定式。其基本结构是:not+-ing形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于-ing形式之前。如:Nothavingfinishedhishomework,theboywasstilldoingitintheclassroom.四、-ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,soyou’llfeelverycomfortable.(×)分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。原句应改为:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,you’llfeelverycomfortable.Exercises1．Thegreathallwascrowdedwithmanypeople,_____manychildren_____ontheirparents’laps.A.including;seatedB.including;seatingC.included;satD.included;sitting2._____foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain3．Hisletter,_____tothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.A.havingbeenaddressedB.tohaveaddressedC.tohavebeenaddressedD.beingaddressed4．"Youcan'tcatchme"Janetshouted,______away.(NMET2005全国卷3)A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran5．MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,______advantageofthehealthyandrelaxationbenefits.(NMET2005上海卷)A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken6．______inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(NMET2004北京卷)A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited答案1.A。including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。2.D.Therebeingnorain为therebe句型的独立主格形式。3.A。address所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,且与letter之间逻辑上存在着被动关系,havingbeenaddressed...在句中作非限制性定语。4解析：答案为B。现在分词runningaway在这里作伴随状语。题意是一边跑着，一边喊着说。5．解析：该题考察非谓语动词的用法。四个选项均为take的不同形式，由句中的逗号及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑，此空应填现在分词表结果，答案为A。6．解析：答案为C。根据forhalfanhour可判断出要用现在分词的完成形式havingwaited填写，表示排队发生在汤姆意识到把钱包忘在家里了之前。
