青霉与曲霉的系统分类学TaxonomyandPhylogeneticsofPenicilliaandAspergilli王龙WangLong中国科学院微生物研究所真菌地衣系统分类学实验室SystematicMycologyandLichenologyLab.,InstituteofMicrobiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences2009-11-20青霉与曲霉的重要性青霉与曲霉基因组测序1.AspergillusclavatusNRRL12.AspergillusflavusNRRL33573.AspergillusfumigatusA1163andAf2934.AspergillusnidulansFGSCA45.AspergillusnigerATCC1015andCBS513.886.AspergillusoryzaeRIB407.Aspergillusparasiticus8.AspergillusterreusATCC20542andNIH26249.PenicilliumchrysogenumWisconsin54-125510.PenicilliummarneffeiATCC18224aflatoxinochratoxinP.marneffeiA.fumigatus条件致病菌内容Contents1.分类地位Taxonomicposition2.传统分类学Classicaltaxonomy3.分子种系学Molecularphylogenetics一.青霉与曲霉的分类地位真菌界(KingdomFungi)半知菌门(Deuteromycota)丝孢菌纲(Hyphomycetes)丛梗孢目(Moniliales)丛梗孢科(Moniliaceae)青霉属(Penicillium)曲霉属(Aspergillus)mitosporicfungianamorphicfungi发菌科(Trichocomaceae)双瓣亚科Dichlaenoideae发菌亚科Thichocomoideae（取消半知菌门以前）（取消半知菌门以后）真菌界(KingdomFungi)子囊菌门(Ascomycota)盘菌亚门(Pezizamycotina)散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes)散囊菌目(Eurotiales)发菌科(Trichocomaceae)发菌亚科(Thichocomoideae)双瓣亚科(Dichlaenoideae)青霉Penicillia:篮状菌属(Talaromyces)正青霉属(Eupenicillium)曲霉Aspergilli:毛萨托菌(Chaetosartorya)裸孢壳(Emericella),散囊菌(Eurotium)芬尼菌(Fennellia),半内果菌(Hemicarpenteles)新萨托菌(Neosartorya),石座菌(Petromyces)闭核菌(Sclerocleista).新石座菌(Neopetromyces)发菌亚科和双瓣亚科的形态学区别MorphologicaldifferencesbetweenTrichocomoideaeandDichlaenoideae子囊果Ascocarps子囊孢子Ascospores帚状枝和瓶梗Penicilliandphialides（青霉）子囊果Ascocarps裸囊壳gymnotheciea闭囊壳cleistotheciea子囊孢子Ascosporesellipsoidallenticularspikeequatorialfurrowvalve椭球形ellipsoidal扁豆形lenticular帚状枝和瓶梗Penicilliandphialides篮状菌属Talaromyces正青霉属Eupenicillium青霉分类系统(Pitt,1979)EupenicilliumTalaromycesPenicilliumSubgen.AspergilloidesSubgen.FurcatumSubgen.PenicilliumSubgen.Biverticillium曲霉状亚属Subgen.Aspergilloides叉状亚属Subgen.Furcatum青霉亚属Subgen.Penicillium双轮亚属Subgen.Biverticillium2.传统分类学Classicaltaxonomy显微性状Microscopiccharacters,TableI：无性型Anamorphiccharacters:materialsfromCYA：分生孢子梗conidiophores分生孢子conidia有性型Teleomorphiccharacters原基initials（Talaromyces)子囊及其着生方式asciandpatterns子囊孢子ascospores（SEM）总体生理学性状grossphysiologicalcharacters,TableII传统分类学性状Classicaltaxonomiccharacters青霉无性型显微性状Anamorphicmicroscopiccharactersofpenicillia孢梗茎stipe副枝ramus次副枝ramulus梗基metula瓶梗phialide分生孢子梗conidiophore分生孢子conidium三轮生帚状枝terverticillatepenicillus帚状枝penicillus双轮亚属Subgen.Biverticillium叉状亚属Subgen.Furcatum曲霉状亚属Subgen.Aspergilloides青霉亚属Subgen.Penicillium单轮生，壁光滑Monoverticillate,smooth-walled两轮生，孢梗茎壁粗糙Biverticillate,roughenedstipesandrami两轮生，孢梗茎壁光滑Biverticillate,smooth-walledstipesandrami三轮生，壁光滑Terverticillate,smooth-walled三轮生，孢梗茎和副枝壁粗糙Terverticillate,rough-walledstipesandrami球形，壁光滑Spheroidal,smooth-walled卵形，壁光滑Ovoid,smooth-walled柱形，壁光滑Cylindrical,smooth-walled梭形，刺状粗糙Fusiform,spinose产囊体Ascogenium雄器Antheridium膨大细胞Swollencells菌丝结节Hyphalknot123原基InitialsofTalaromyces有性型显微性状Teleomorphicmicroscopiccharacters卷链生Re...
