摘要随着美国政府职能日益扩大,对社会的管制不断加强,政府对社会干预范围扩大,使人们看到了游说政府的必要和可能。同时,政府部门的增加也日益需要有实际经验的私人部门和专业知识的工作人员加入到政策制定和对社会相关部门的监管和调整的队伍中来,利益集团政治参与的机会相应增多。从私营部门来说,由于政府加大了监管力度,制定出更繁复、详细的调整规范,对私人部门的监管也更加专业化,所以私人部门迫切需要具有政府部门的相关经验和广泛的人脉关系的人员加入到私人部门,或者依据政府的要求对本部门进行调整和监管,或者帮助私人部门游说政府部门使其做出有益于本部门的决定。“旋转门”现象就是在这种需求下产生的,并且在近几年有愈演愈烈的态势。所谓“旋转门”,指的是个人在公共部门和私人部门之间双向转换角色、穿梭交叉为利益集团牟利的机制。本文就美国政治中的“旋转门”现象为主题,介绍“旋转门”现象,分析美国的“旋转门”现象的立法,试图解释“旋转门”如何旋转,如何影响了公共政策,妨害了公共利益。全文共分为四部分:第一部分为“旋转门”现象的综述,主要介绍“旋转门”现象的三种形式,即私人部门到公共部门的“旋转门”,由公共部门进入到私人部门的“旋转门”,以及公共部门和说客之间的“旋转门”.第二部分为“旋转门”现象的案例分析。运用实际的案例分析“旋转门”的三种形式在实际上是如何旋转,这种旋转对于私人部门和公共部门又产生了哪些影响等。第三部分分析美国针对这种“旋转门”现象的立法情况,以及立法的内容和法律效力问题。第四部分谈一谈对“旋转门”现象的几点思考,“旋转门”现象是美国利益集团和金钱政治体现,是美国独特的政商关系的产物,反映了资本主义国家的本质。关键词:“旋转门”现象;利益集团;金钱政治AbstractWiththeUSAgovernmentalfunctionexpandsgraduaUy,thecontroltosocietyreinforcesineeasingly,andthegovernmentinterposesthesocietymoreandmore,peoplehaverealizedthenecessityandpossibilityofthegovernmentcanvassing·Atthesarnetime.witllthegovernmentdepartmentsincreasingdaybyday,theUSAgovernmentrequirestheprofessionalknowledgestaffhavingpracticalexperiencetotakepartintheworkofpolicy—makingandthesupervisionandcontroltosocietyrelevancebranches.Thechancesoftheinterestgroups’pattieipationinpoliticalaffairsarecorrespondingtoincrease.Fromtheprivatebranchsaid,sincethegovernmenthasincreasedthesupervisionstrength,worksoutmorecomplicatedanddetailedadjustmentnorms.Thegovernment’ssupervisionandcontroltotheprivatebrancharealsomorespecialized.Therefortheprivatebranchesurgentlyneedthepeoplewhohavegovernmentdepartments’experiencetotakepart,orhelptheprivatebranchtocarryouttheinspectionunderthegovernmentdepartments’sorder,orhelptheprivatebranchtolobbythegovernment.‘‘Therevolvingdoorphenomenon”isproducesunderthiscondition.‘'Therevolvingdoorphenomenon’’meansthemovementofcertainpeopleintoandoutofkeypolieymakingpostsinexecutiveandlegislativebranches.Thisarticle’SsubjectisontheAmericanpolitiesin‘‘therevolvingdoorphenomenon'’,introduced‘‘therevolvingdoorphenomenon'’。analyzesUSinviewof“Therevolvingdoorphenomenon”legislationsituation,仃ytoexplmnhow‘‘therevolvingdoorphenomenon'’revolve.affectthecommunitypolicy,aswell髂hinderthepublicinterest.Thispaperincludesthefourparts.PartIintroducesthreekindformsof‘‘tllerevolvingdoorphenomenon'’.Thatistheindustry-to-governmentrevolvingdooLthegovernment-to·industryrevolvingdoorandthegovernment—to-lobbyistrevolvingdoor.PartUanalysestheeasesofthe‘'therevolvingdoorphenomenon'’,analyzinghowthe‘‘revolvingdoorphenomenon'’revolveandhowdoesthe‘'revolvingdoorphenomenon'’affecttheprivat...