动物学报53(2):354-363,2007ActaZoologicaSinica2006-06-06收稿,2006-12-15接受3国家“863”项目(2005AA603110)和青岛市自然基金项目(05222JC259)共同资助[ThisresearchwasfundedbythegrantsfromtheNational“863”PlanofChina(No.2005AA603110)andQingdaocityNaturalScienceFoundation(No.05222JC259)]33通讯作者(Correspondingauthor).E2mail:maaj@ysfri.ac.cnΖ2007动物学报ActaZoologicaSinica半滑舌鳎仔、稚鱼视网膜结构与视觉特性3马爱军133王新安1,2庄志猛1张秀梅2张立敬11.农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛2660712.中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003摘要对1-50d半滑舌鳎仔、稚鱼视网膜和全长50mm的半滑舌鳎幼鱼视网膜结构和视觉特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)3d仔鱼色素层形成,15d仔鱼没有显著的视网膜运动反应,25d时具有正常感受自然光的明视功能,43d半滑舌鳎稚鱼适应自然光的功能丧失;(2)半滑舌鳎仔鱼阶段感受细胞主要为高密度的单锥,视杆细胞和双锥细胞出现的较晚;单锥融合成双锥时,由于半滑舌鳎视锥细胞椭圆体细长,融合程度较差,尽管在视网膜横切面上能够看到双锥,但在切向切面上仍呈现单锥排列方式;随其生长发育,视锥和神经节细胞密度降低,视杆细胞密度增加,31d后视杆细胞数量显著增加;同时,外核层细胞核与神经节细胞的比值增大,网络会聚程度提高;相关数据表明,20-31d是视网膜结构和视觉特性发生明显变化的过渡时期,这是与半滑舌鳎从浮游生活到底栖生活生态环境的变化相适应的;(3)半滑舌鳎内核层结构特殊,50mm时只有1层水平细胞,属感光系统不发达类型,双极细胞和无长突细胞共4-5层,但不可分辨;内核层细胞层数的减少,基本上没有分化的水平细胞、双极细胞和无长突细胞,说明半滑舌鳎视网膜的光敏感性不高;(4)半滑舌鳎仔鱼浮游生活阶段视敏度较高,视觉在捕食行为中具有重要意义;底栖生活后,视敏度和光敏感性都较差,视觉在捕食行为中不可能具有重要作用[动物学报53(2):354-363,2007]。关键词半滑舌鳎视网膜结构视觉特性Structureofretinaandvisualcharacteristicsofthehalf2smoothtongue2soleCynoglossussemilaevisGünter3MAAi2Jun133,WANGXin2An1,2,ZHUANGZhi2Meng1,ZHANGXiu2Mei2,ZHANGLi2Jing11.KeyLab.forSustainableUtilizationofMarineFisheryResources,MinistryofAgriculture,YellowSeaFisheriesResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofFisheryScience,Qingdao266071,Shandong,China2.FisheryCollege,OceanUniversityofChina,Qingdao266003,Shandong,ChinaAbstractThestructureoftheretinaandvisualcharacteristicsofhalf2smoothtongue2soleCynoglossussemilaevisfromnewly2hatchedlarvaeto502dayoldjuveniles,andat50mmtotallength(TL)youngfishes,wereexamined.Themainresultsobtainedareasfollows.(1)At3daysfromhatching,theeyesaredeeplypigmentedandthevisualsystemismorphologicallycomplete.At15dayslarvae,theretinomotorresponsesdonotappearobviously.At25days,theretinaofC.semilaeviscanbeadaptednormallytosunlight,however,at43days,thefunctiondoesnotexist.(2)TheretinaofC.semilaevisinlarvaconsistsmainlyofsinglecones(SC)assensorycellswithahighdensity;therodsandtwincones(TC)appearratherlate.OwingtotheellipsoidofconeofC.semilaevisisspindly,whensingleconesareinosculatedtotwincones,singleconesarenotwell2inosculated,thoughtwinconescouldbeseenonthecross2sectiontheretinaofC.semilaevis,itisdifficulttoseetwinconesonthetangentialsectiontheretinaofC.semilaevis.Overthewholerangeofdevelopment,thedensityofconesandganglioncellsdecreaseswhilethedensityoftherodsincreasescorrespondingly,after31days,thedensityoftherodsincreasesremarkably.Atthesametime,theratioofnucleioftheouternuclearlayertoganglioncellsincreasesdistinctly.Also,thedegreeoftheassembledmeshworkisincreasedmarkedly.Thedataconcernedshowsthatthestructureoftheretinaapparentlychange...
