大鼠耳科常规手术径路李鹏1,2丁大连1,2,3高可雷2,3RichardSalvi2,31中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科2CenterforHearingandDeafness,UniversityatBuffalo3中南大学湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科第一作者：李鹏通讯作者：丁大连E-mail:dding@buffalo.edu课题资助：1、NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth：R01OH010235,2、广东省科技计划项目：2011B0318003593、国家外国专家局审批类项目：CG2013440003摘要目的:介绍几种在大鼠耳科实验研究中常用的手术方法。方法:将大鼠麻醉后，根据不同的实验需求，分别演示经耳后切口的后鼓室径路、经耳上切口的上鼓室径路、经颈部腹侧切口的下鼓室径路、经颈部背侧切口的枕后径路等手术方法。结果：通过不同的手术径路可从不同的角度暴露大鼠的中耳和内耳，为引导耳蜗生物电反应的各种耳蜗电极置放、经圆窗膜转染或置药、药物经耳蜗外淋巴腔灌流、耳蜗内淋巴腔灌注、听骨链中断、以及内淋巴囊手术破坏等各种不同实验目的提供最佳手术方案。结论：根据大鼠颞骨解剖特点，选择不同的中耳内耳手术径路，可以为实现不同的实验目的服务，对实验成功提供技术保障。关键词:大鼠,中耳,内耳,手术径路StandardsurgicalapproachesoftheearsurgeryinratsPengLi1,2DalianDing1,2,3KeleiGao2,3RichardSalvi2,31TheThirdAffiliatedHospitalofSunYat-SenUniversity2CenterforHearingandDeafness,UniversityatBuffalo3XiangyaHospital,CentralSouthUniversitAbstractObject：Tointroduceseveralotologicsurgicalapproachesforspecificexperimentalstudiesinrats.Methods:Basedonthespecificgoalsoftheexperiment,anesthetizedratswerepreparedfortheearsurgeryusingdifferentsurgicalapproachesaimedatoptimizingtheexperimentaloutcome.Thesesurgicalapproaches1included:posteriortympanum,superiortympanum,inferiortympanum,andoccipitalsurgeries.Result:Themiddleearcavityandtheinnerearcanbeexposedfromdifferentanglesbyusingdifferentsurgicalapproaches.Forexample,electrodeplacementforrecordingofcochlearbioelectricresponsescanbeachievedusingapproachesthroughtheposteriortympanumorinferiortympanum.Alternatively,drugdeliveryorgenetransfectionviaroundwindowmembranecanbemosteasilyaccomplishedusingasurgicalapproachfromtheposteriortympanum.Cochlearperfusionofprotectiveorototoxicdrugcanbebestperformedusingtheinferiortympanumapproach.Ossicularchaininterruptiontoinduceaprolongedconductivehearinglosscanbereadilyachievedusingasuperiortympanumapproach.Lastly,surgicaldestructionofendolymphaticsactoinduceexperimentalendolymphatichydropscanbereadilyperformedfromanoccipitalsurgicalapproach.Conclusion:Thesestandardsurgeriescanbeappliedforscientificstudiesoftheearwithdifferentpurposessuchaselectrophysiology,conductivehearingloss,intracochleardrugperfusionandexperimentalstudiesrelevanttoMeniere’sdisease.Keywords:rat,middleear,innerear,surgicalapproach随着人们对大鼠听觉系统的深入了解和对其基因组序列的开发，大鼠在中耳和内耳实验研究领域的应用逐渐增多1-11。这些应用大鼠开展的耳科实验包括为了测试耳蜗各种听觉生物电反应经下鼓室或后鼓室径路的电极置放、为了对内耳施行基因转染或局部用药经耳蜗或经前庭半规管的局部药物灌注、为了模拟听骨链中断症状经上鼓室径路的听骨链中断手术、为了模拟阻塞性膜迷路积水经枕后径路的内淋巴囊破坏手术，等等。这些特殊的实验需求往往需要实验者根据大鼠颞骨及其周围组织解剖学特征对动物施行必要的中耳手术或内耳手术。本文在描述大鼠颞骨及其周围组织解剖结构的基础上，根据不同的特殊实验需求详细介绍了一整套大鼠中耳和内耳的常规手术方法，以期促进耳科动物实验学术交流，为同道提供某些有益的参考经验。1．受试动物和麻醉及术前准备选择体重在250g左右的健康SD大鼠作为受试对象。腹腔注射氯胺酮（100mg/Kg）和氯丙嗪(5...
