遗传学报ActaGeneticaSinica,September2003,30(9):873～880ISSN0379-4172收稿日期:2002-08-22;修回日期:2003-05-25基金项目:国家自然科学基金九五计划重大项目(39993420);复旦大学学生科技创新活动基金(2001B12603)[PriorityProj:No.39993420,supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,andNo.2001B12603,supportedbyFudanStudents’FoundationofScienceandTechnologyCre2ativeProjects]作者简介:李辉(1978-),男,博士研究生,研究方向:分子人类学。E2mail:LH@cableplus.com.cn;Tel:(021)65642419①通讯作者。金力(1963-),男,研究方向:人类分子遗传学。E2mail:jin2Li@fudan.edu;Tel:(021)65642419②通讯作者。卢大儒(1965-),男,研究方向:人类分子遗传学。E2mail:ludr@fudan.edu;Tel:(021)65642799OriginofHakkaandHakkanese:AGeneticsAnalysisLIHui1,PANWu2Yun2,WENBo1,YANGNing2Ning1,JINJian2Zhong1,JINLi1,①,LUDa2Ru1,②(11CenterforAnthropologicalStudiesatFudanUniversity,Shanghai200433,China;21InstituteofLinguistics,ShanghaiTeachersUniversity,Shanghai200234,China)Abstract:HakkaisadistinctiveHanChinesepopulationinSouthernChinaspeakingHakkanese.TheoriginofHakkahasbeencontroversial.Inthisreport,weanalyzedYchromosomalmarkersin148Hakkamales.PrinciplecomponentanalysisofY2SNPhap2lotypedistributionshowsHakkaisclusteredstronglywiththeHaninNorthernChina,andisalsoclosetoShe,aHmong2Mien2speakingpopulation,whilethegeneralSouthernHanisfairlyclosetoDaicpopulations.Admixtureanalysisrevealedthattherelativegeneticcontribution8012%(Han),13%(She)and618%(Kam)inHakka.ThenetworkofY2STRhaplotypeofM7individualsinallconcernedpopulationssuggestedtwopossibleoriginsofHmong2MiencontributioninHakka:OneisfromHubeiandtheotherisfromCanton.TheKamcontributioninHakkaislikelyfromKan2Yue,theancientaborigineofKiangsi(Jiangxi).Thefrequencyof9bp2deletioninRegionVofmitochondrialDNAofHakkais1917%,whichisquiteclosetoShebutfarfromHan.WethereforeconcludedthatgeneticallythemajorityofHakkagenepoolshallcomefromNorthHanwithShecontributingthemostamongallnon2Hangroups.RegardingtheHmong2MiencharacterofHakkanese,thegeneticstructureofHakkashowstheircoremaybeKim2man,theancientHmong2Mien.WehypothesizedthatagreatnumberofHanpeoplefromNorthChinajointhispopulationinsucces2sion.SouthernChinesedialects,suchasHakkanesemayalsobethoselanguagesofSouthernaboriginesatfirst,andturntoextantappearanceunderthecontinuanceeffectofNorthernChinese.Keywords:Hakka;geneticstructure;Y2chromosome;SNP;STR;Shenationality;Hakkanese客家人起源的遗传学分析李辉1,潘悟云2,文波1,杨宁宁1,金建中1,金力1,①,卢大儒1,②(11复旦大学生命科学学院现代人类学研究中心,上海200433;21上海师范大学语言学研究所,上海200234)摘要:客家人是南方讲客家话的特殊汉族民系,其来源学术界有一定争议。该研究对福建长汀的148个客家男子做了遗传分析。从父系遗传的Y染色体SNP的主成分分析看,客家人与中原汉族最近,又偏向于苗瑶语族群中的畲族,不同于其他南方汉族偏向于侗台语族群。混合分析发现客家人数据结构中汉族结构占8012%,类畲族结构13%,类侗族结构618%。各族M7个体Y2STR单倍型的网络结构分析发现客家人中类苗瑶结构有两个来源,其一来自湖北,其一来自广东。客家人之类侗族结构应来自江西土著干越。客家人母系遗传的线粒体RegionV区段9bp缺失频率为1917%,与畲族很近,不同于中原汉族。客家人的主要成分应是中原汉人,畲族是对客家人影响最大的外来因素。与客家话中的苗瑶语特征相印证,客家人可能是古代荆蛮族的核心成分不断加上中原汉人移民形成的。客家话等南方汉语方言最初也可能是南方原住民语言在中原汉语不断影响下逐渐形成的。关键词:客家人;遗传结构;Y染色体;单核苷酸多态(SNP);短串联重复(STR);畲族;客家话中图分...
