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1.常用解剖术语pharynx咽larynx喉esophagus食管bronchus支气管softpalate软腭pendulouspalate腭垂xiphoid剑突rib肋骨hilumoflung肺门pulmonaryhilarlymphnode肺门淋巴结alveolus肺泡2．常见症状drynessofthroat咽干燥sorethroat咽喉痛laryngalgia喉痛bucking呛咳laryngealedema喉头水肿whoop哮咳wheeze喘鸣gasp喘息laryngealstridor喉喘鸣breathlessness气促purulentsputum脓痰odynophagia吞咽痛catarrhalrhinitis卡他鼻炎barrelchest桶状胸clubbing杵状变pharyngeuspruritusandcough咽痒咳嗽swellingpaininthethroat咽喉肿痛thinandwhitishsputum咳痰稀薄色白dilutesputumwithexcessivefroth痰稀薄多泡沫clearandthinsputum痰液清稀thicksputum粘稠smallamountofstickysputum痰粘量少bloodinthesputum痰中带血difficultyinexpectorating咯吐不利hemoptysis咯血stuffnose鼻塞clearnasaldischarge清涕nasalbleeding鼻出血roughbreath气粗dyspnea气息粗涌（气促）roughbreathandloudvoice气粗声高yellowturbidnasaldischarge流黄浊涕drycough干咳inabilitytobreatheregularlyduetoshortnessofbreath气短不足以息becomeSeverewhilemoving动则为甚dyspneawithshortnessofbreath气短喘促shortnessofbreathwithanaerosis气短而不续drylipandnose唇鼻干燥unabletolieduetoseriouscough咳不得卧coughwithdyspnea咳喘coughwithsensationoffullnessinchest咳而胸满coughandspittingblood咳嗽唾血paroxysmofcoughandchoke咳呛阵作halitosis口臭chokingsensationoverthechest胸闷气憋bronchialwheezing哮unabletolieduetodyspnea喘不得卧3.常用体格和试验室检查diminutionofrespiration呼吸音减弱exaggeratedbreathsound呼吸音增强respiratoryrudeness呼吸音粗糙pneumonogram肺x片lungmarking肺纹理pumonaryhypertension肺循环高压pulmonaryvalve肺动脉瓣pulmonaryinsufficiency肺动脉关闭不全pneumonemia肺充血tactilevocalfremitus触觉语颤intercostalneuralgia肋间神经痛percussion叩诊dullness浊音resonantnote清音respiratorysound呼吸音tympaniticnote鼓音rightventricularhypertrophy右心室肥大hypoxia缺氧bloodroutineexamination血常规bacterialculture细菌培养biopsy活检precancerous癌前病变pathologictest病理检查porosis空洞形成diffusefibrosis弥漫性纤维化regeneration再生infiltrate浸润respiratoryfunctiontest呼吸功能检查sputumculture痰培养sputumexfoliativecytologicalexaminarion痰液脱落细胞检查maximumbreathingcapacity最大通气量maximumoxygenconsumption最大耗氧量peakexpiratoryflow（rate）最大呼气流量（速）vitalcapacityz肺活量residualvolumeoflung肺残气量pulmonaryventilationtest肺通气功能检查forcedvitalcapacity用力肺活量arterialbloodgasanalysis动脉血气分析4．常见疾病cough咳嗽asthma哮喘dyspneasyndrome喘证lung-distention肺胀pulmonaryabscess肺痈，肺脓肿pulmonarytuberculosis肺痨，肺结核carcinomaofthelung肺癌acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染acutetrachitis-bronchitis急性气管--支气管炎chronicbronchitis慢性支气管炎obstructiveemphysema阻塞性肺气肿obstructiveatelectasis阻塞性肺不张obstructivesleepapneasyndrome阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征obstructiveasphyxia阻塞性窒息pulmonaryheartdisease肺源性心脏病pulmonaryembolism肺动脉栓塞bronchialasthma支气管哮喘bronchiectasis支气管扩张respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸性窘迫综合征interstitiallungdisease间质性肺疾病pneumonia肺炎pneumococcalpneumonia肺炎球菌肺炎staphylococcuspneumonia葡萄球菌肺炎Klebsiellapneumonia克雷白杆菌肺炎legionellapneumonia军团菌肺炎mycoplasmalpneumonia肺炎支原体肺炎candidiasis肺念珠菌病idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis特发性肺纤维化pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis肺泡蛋白质沉积症silicosis矽肺primarybronchiogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌pleuraleffusion胸腔积液pneumothorax气胸emphysema肺气肿