1CPU?MPU?MCU1CPU(CentralProcessingUnit,中央处理器).........................................................................................11.1CPU的组成............................................................................................................................................11.2CPU的工作原理....................................................................................................................................12MPU(MicroprocessorUnit,微处理器).....................................................................................................32.1MPU的组成............................................................................................................................................32.2MPU的分类............................................................................................................................................32.3MPU的体系结构:冯·诺伊曼结构和哈佛结构................................................................................32.4MPU的典型代表:DSP(DigitalSignalProcessor,数字信号处理器)......................................43MCU(MicrocontrollerUnit,微控制器/单片机).....................................................................................53.1MCU的概念............................................................................................................................................53.2MCU的概述............................................................................................................................................53.3MCU的分类............................................................................................................................................63.4MCU的架构:CISC架构和RISC架构...................................................................................................63.5常见的MCU............................................................................................................................................63.6MCU的典型代表:ARM............................................................................................................................94CPLD(ComplexProgrammableLogicDevice,复杂可编程逻辑器件)...................................................105FPGA(FieldProgrammableGateArray,现场可编程门阵列).............................................................106DSP,ARM,FPGA的区别....................................................................................................................................101CPU(CentralProcessingUnit,中央处理器)中央处理器(CPU)是电子计算机的主要器件之一,其功能主要是解释计算机指令及处理计算机软件中的数据。1.1CPU的组成CPU由运算器、控制器和寄存器及实现它们之间联系的数据、控制及状态的总线构成。运算器:进行算术运算和逻辑运算(部件:算数逻辑单元、累加器、寄存器组、路径转换器、数据总线)。控制器:控制程序的执行,包括对指令进行译码、寄存,并按指令要求完成所规定的操作,即指令控制、时序控制和操作控制。复位、使能(部件:计数器、指令暂存器、指令解码器、状态暂存器、时序产生器、微操作信号发生器)。寄存器:用来存放操作数、中间数据及结果数据。1.2CPU的工作原理CPU从存储器或高速缓冲存储器中取出指令,放入指令寄存器,并对指令译码,将指令分解成一系列的微操作,然后发出各种控制命令,执行微操作,从而完成一条指令的执行。可分为四个阶段:提取(Fetch)、解码(Decode)、执行(Execute)和写回(Writeback)。注:指令是...