机密★启用前重庆师范大学第2010至2011学年度第二学期期末考核试卷基础英语(A卷)（闭卷）课程性质：必修考核方式：考试专业：小学教育（英语）年级：10级本科本卷满分100分完卷时间：120分钟Directions:Choosethebestansweramongthefourchoicesafterreading.AWhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.『Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.』①Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.『Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.』②1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto.A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguageB.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatternsC.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistoryD.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2.A.Changesintheformsofwords.B.Changesinsentencestructures.C.Changesinspellingrules.D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.基础英语第页（共6页）英语听力试卷第页（共6页）院系：专业：年级：姓名：学号：密封线内不要答题密封线题号一二三四总分复查人得分得分评卷人SectionIReadingComprehension(每题1分，共20分)4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an).A.historianB.philos...
