【初中英语语法语态】ing形式作状语用法四注意-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如:Beingateacher,youshouldhelpyourstudentsineveryway.(原因)Hediedfromasuddentrafficaccident,leavingtheexperimenthalf-done(sothathelefttheexperimenthalf-done).(结果)Seeingmyparentswavinginthecrowd,Iwentrunningtothem.(时间;方式)Thestudentsenteredtheclassroom,followingtheirEnglishteacher.(伴随)ListeningtoEnglisheveryday(IfyoulistentoEnglisheveryday),you’lllearnitwellstepbystep.(条件)学习-ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点:(一)与过去分词作状语的区别。一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较:Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons.Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic.分析:前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated和frightened表原因,它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为被动关系。(二)关于逻辑主语的问题。-ing形式作状语时,一般情况下,其逻辑主语应与主句的主语保持一致。如:Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.(上海2001,28)Havingsufferedfromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.(上海2001春,38)Havingsufferedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(NMET2001,35)分析:前三例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中,havingsuffered的逻辑主语是theriver,并不是主句的主语it。这种用法极为少见,有的语法家称其为垂悬分词,我们在学习中不宜模仿。
