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下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pierbody墩帽piercap,piercoping台帽abutmentcap,abutmentcoping盖梁bentcap又称“帽梁”。重力式[桥]墩gravitypier实体[桥]墩solidpier空心[桥]墩hollowpier柱式[桥]墩columnpier,shaftpier单柱式[桥]墩single-columnedpier,singleshaftpier双柱式[桥]墩two-columnedpier,twoshaftpier排架桩墩pile-bentpier丫形[桥]墩Y-shapedpier柔性墩flexiblepier制动墩brakingpier,abutmentpier单向推力墩singledirectionthrustedpier抗撞墩anti-collisionpier锚墩anchorpier辅助墩auxiliarypier破冰体iceapron防震挡块anti-knockblock,restrainblock桥台abutment台身abutmentbody前墙frontwall又称“胸墙”。翼墙wingwall又称“耳墙”。U形桥台U-abutment八字形桥台flarewing-walledabutment一字形桥台headwallabutmentT形桥台T-abutment箱形桥台boxtypeabutment拱形桥台archedabutment重力式桥台gravityabutment埋置式桥台buriedabutment扶壁式桥台counterfortabutment,buttressedabutment衡重式桥台weight-balancedabutment锚碇板式桥台anchoredbulkheadabutment支撑式桥台supportedtypeabutment又称“轻型桥台”。组合式桥台compositeabutment[桥]台后回填backfillingbehindabutment桥梁基础bridgefoundation浅基础shallowfoundation深基础deepfoundation明挖基础opencutfoundation扩大基础spreadfoundation沉井基础opencaissonfoundation沉井刃脚caissoncuttingedge气压沉箱基础pneumaticcaissonfoundation管柱基础colonnadefoundation双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础double-walledsteelcofferdamandboredpilefoundation墩式基础pier-foundation桩基础pilefoundation排架桩基础pile-bentfoundation高承台桩基础high-riseplatformpilefoundation桩pile单桩individualpile,singlepile群桩pilegroup又称“桩群”。斜桩batteredpile,rakedpile锚桩anchorpile主桩keypile预制桩precastpile[钢筋]混凝土桩concretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepile木桩timberpile钢桩steelpile钢管桩steelpipepile混凝土管桩concretepipepile钻孔桩boredpile就地灌注桩cast-in-situpile沉管灌注桩tube-sinkingcast-in-situpile板桩sheetpile微型桩mini-pile又称“小型桩”。扩底桩under-reamedpile支挡桩soldierpile抗滑桩anti-slidepile排土桩displacementpile非排土桩non-displacementpile摩擦桩frictionpile支承桩bearingpile嵌岩桩socketedpile挖孔桩cast-in-situpilebyexcavation打入桩drivenpile承台bearingplatform,pilecap灌浆截水墙groutedcut-offwall灌浆帷幕groutedcurtain地下连续墙continuousslurrywall,diaphragmwall支座bearing固定支座fixedbearing活动支座expansionbearing,movablebearing合成橡胶支座elastomericpadbearing板式橡胶支座laminatedrubberbearing盆式橡胶支座potrubberbearing聚四氟乙烯支座polytetrafluoroethylenebearing,PTFEbearing铅橡胶支座lead-rubberbearing滚轴支座rollerbearing摆式支座rockerbearing平板支座platebearing球形支座sphericalbearing垫块支座padbearing活动伸缩缝支座slidingexpansionbearing伸缩滚轴expansionroller拉压支座tension-compressionbearing铰式支座knucklebearing桥梁设计bridgedesign桥梁方案设计bridgeconceptualdesign桥梁结构设计bridgestructuredesign桥梁细部设计bridgedetaildesign荷载load实用荷载serviceload施工荷载constructionload开裂荷载crackingload疲劳荷载fatigueload容许荷载allowableload破坏荷载failureload桥梁试运行荷载testrunloadingforbridge静载staticload动载dynamicload活载liveload恒载deadload永久荷载permanentload可变荷载variableload偶然荷载accidentalload非常荷载abnormalload环境荷载environmentalload均布荷载uniformload,distributedload等代均布荷载equivalentuniformdistributedload集中荷载concentratedload车道荷载laneload人群荷载pedestrianload风荷载windload地震荷载earthquakeload,seismicforce又称“地震力”。离心力centrifugalforce冲击力impactfor...