咽部的解剖Anatomyofpharynx•1.分部parts:鼻咽nasopharynx:咽鼓管咽口eustachialorifice,圆枕torustubalis,咽隐窝pharyngealrecess,腺样体adenoid口咽oropharynx:咽峡fauces,咽侧索lateralchorda,舌扁桃体lingualtonsil喉咽hypopharynx:会厌谷vallecularepiglottica,梨状窝piriformfossa,环后隙retrocricoidspace•2.淋巴组织lymphatictissue内环innerloop外环outerloop腭扁桃体palatinetonsilla腺样体adenoid咽的生理physiologyofpharynx•1.呼吸功能repiratoryfunction•2.吞咽功能swallowingfunction•3.语言形成formationofspeech•4.保护功能protection•5.调节中耳压力modulationofairpressureofmiddleear•6.扁桃体的免功能immunefunctionoftonsilla喉的解剖Anatomyoflarynx•1.喉软骨laryngealcartilage单个one:会厌软骨epiglotticcartilage,甲状软骨thyroidcartilage,环状软骨cricoidcartilage成对double:杓状软骨arytenoidcartilage,小角软骨cornicularcartilage,楔状软骨cuniformcartilage喉肌muscleofthelarynx•杓会厌肌aryepiglotticmuscle杓肌arytenoidmuscle环杓后肌posteriorcricoarytenoidmuscle环杓侧肌lateralcricoarytenoidmuscle环甲肌cricothyroidmuscle甲杓肌thyroarytenoidmuscle甲状会厌肌thyroepiglotticmuscle•2.喉腔laryngealcavity:3portions声门上区supraglotticportion:会厌epiglottis,勺会厌襞aritenoepiglotticfold,勺区arytenoidarea,假声带falsevocalcord声门区glotticportion:声带vocalcord声门裂fissureofglottis前联合anteriorcommisure声门下区infraglotticportion:声门旁区glotticportion:•3.喉的血管bloodvesseloflarynx喉上动脉superiorlaryngealartery环甲动脉cricothyroidartery喉下动脉inferiorlaryngealartery•4.淋巴lymphaticsoflarynx•声门上区supraglotticportion:淋巴管丰富lymphaticductsareabundant,引流至颈深淋巴结上群drainagetouppergroupofdeepcervicallymphnodes•声门下区infraglotticportion:淋巴管不丰富lymphaticductsarenotabundant,引流至颈深淋巴结下群drainagetolowergroupofdeepcervicallymphnodes•声门区glotticportion:基本无淋巴管fewlymphaticducts•5.神经nerves:迷走神经vagusnerve喉上神经superiorlaryngealnerve内支innerbeanches外支outerbranches支配环甲肌cricothyroidmuscle喉返神经recurrentlaryngealnerve除环甲肌以外喉肌laryngealmusclesexceptforcricothyroidmuscle喉的生理physiologyoflarynx•1.呼吸respiration•2.发音phonation•3.保护protection•4.屏气holdingbreath急性化脓性扁桃体炎Acutesuppurativetonsillitis•1.病因etiology•外部因素externalfactors:溶血性链球菌hemolyticstreptococcus,其它细菌othersbacteria,腺病毒adenoidvirus•内因internalfactors:抵抗力下降resistencedecreasing•2.流行病epidemiology:传染性infectivity•3.临床表现clinicalmanifestationa.急性卡他性扁桃体炎acutecatarraltonsillitisb.急性化脓性扁桃体炎acutesuppurativetonsillitis•4.诊断和鉴别诊断Diagnosisanddifferencialdiagnsis•a.诊断diagnosis:症状和体症symptomsandsigns•b.鉴别诊断differencialdiagnsis:咽白喉diphteriafauci,奋森氏咽峡炎Vicentangina(ulceromembranousangina),粒细胞减少性咽峡炎hypoleukocyticangina,猩红热scarletfever•5.并发症Complication:a.局部并发症localcomplication:扁桃体周围脓肿peritonsillarabscessb.全身并发症generalcomplication:风湿热rheumaticfever,急性关节炎acutearthritis,心肌炎cardiomyosis,急性肾炎acutenephritis•6.预防prevention•7.治疗treatment•慢性扁桃体炎Chronictonsillitis•1.病因etiology•2.病理pathology•3.症状symptoms•4.检查examination•5.并发症complication:thesameasacutetonsillitis•6.诊断diagnosis•7.治疗treatment腺样体肥大adenoidvegetation•1.临床表现clinicalmanifestation•a.局部症状localsymptoms:1.耳ear2.鼻nose3.咽喉和下呼吸道pharynxlarynxandlowerrespiratorytract4.腺样体...
