1英语常见的修辞格Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsomecommonformsoffiguresofspeech.1)Simile:(明喻)Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.2)Metaphor:(暗喻)Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.3)Analogy:(类比)Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.4)Personification:(拟人)Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimate(无生命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(扌由象).Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.5)Hyperbole:(夸张)Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing.6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述)Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately(故意地)understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.7)Euphemism:(委婉)Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive(无冒犯)expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as"passaway".8)Metonymy(转喻)Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).9)Synecdoche(提喻)Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.10)Antonomasia(换喻)Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillinfrequentuse.Forexample,Solomonforawiseman.Danielforawiseandfairjudge.Judasforatraitor.11)Pun:(双关语)Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.Forinstance,acannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.(Here"arms"hastwomeanings:aperson'sbody;weaponscarriedbyasoldier.)12)Syllepsis:(一语双叙)Ithastwoconnotations.2Inthefirstcase,itisafigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,referstotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyonofthemingrammarorsyntax(句法).Forexample,Headdressedyouandme,anddesiredustofollowhim.(Hereusisusedtorefertoyouandme.)Inthesecondcase,itawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Forexample,whilehewasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.(Heretolosingone'slimbsinliteral;toloseone'smindisfigurative,andmeanstogomad.)13)Zeugma:(轭式搭配)Itisasinglewordwhichismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,witherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses.Forexample,Thesunshallnotburnyoubyday,northemoonbynight.(Herenoonisnotstrongenoughtoburn)14)Irony:(反语)Iti...