CoursewareonEnglishNamingRulesforCompounds•Introduction•Namingofnitrogencontainingorganiccompounds01IntroductionPurposeandbackgroundThecoursewareisdesignedtoprovidelearnerswithacomprehensiveunderstandingofEnglishnamingrulesforcompounds,includingtherulesforformingandnamingchemical,biologicalandothertypesofcompoundsThebackgroundofthiscourseliesintheneedtostandardizethenamingofcompoundsinscientificresearchandindustrialapplications,aswellasintheeducationofchemistry,biology,andotherrelatedfieldsTheImportanceofNamingAccuratenamingofcompoundsiscriticalforeffectivecommunicationinscientificresearchandindustrialapplicationsStandardizednamingruleshelptoensurethereproducibilityofscientificexperimentsandthecomparabilityofresearchresultsCorrectnamingalsofacilitiestheregistrationandapprovalofnewbugsandotherproductsinthemarket02OverviewofNamingRulesIntroductiontoEnglishNamingEnglishnamingisasystemofassigningnamestoEnglishnamingisusedworldwideinscientific,Itprovidesastandardizedwaytodescribeandcommunicateaboutsubstancessubstancesbasedontheircompositionandstructuretechnical,andindustrialfieldsNamingprinciplesPrincipleofPriorityThenamegiventoasubstanceshouldreflectitscompositionandstructurePrincipleofChronologicalDevelopmentThenameassignedtoasubstanceshouldreflectitshistoricaldevelopmentandtheorderinwhichitwasdiscoveredorintroducedintouseNamingprinciplesPrincipleofPhoneticConventionThenameassignedtoasubstanceshouldbeeasytopromoteandrememberPrincipleofUniformityThenamesassignedtosimilarsubstancesshouldbesimilarinformandstructure03NamingofhydrocarbonsNomenclatureofalkanesAlkaneswithevennumbersofcarbonExample:"dimethyl"0102atomsarenamedwiththeprefix"di"AlkaneswithoddnumbersofcarbonExample:"monobromo"0304atomsarenamedwiththeprefix"mono"Alkaneswithasinglesubsectionarenamedwiththeprefix"etal"Example:"ethylbenzene"0506Nomenclatureofolefinsandalkynes在此添加您的文本17字在此添加您的文本16字Olefinswiththedoublebondattheendofthechainarenamedwiththeprefix"vinyl"Example:"phenylacetylene"在此添加您的文本16字在此添加您的文本16字Example:"vinylchloride"Olefinsandalkyneswithmultiplesubtitlesarenamedbycombiningthenamesofeachsubtitle在此添加您的文本16字在此添加您的文本16字Alkyneswiththetriplebondattheendofthechainarenamedwiththeprefix"phenyl"Example:"1,2-dichlorophylene"Nomenclatureofaromatichydrocarbons01020304AromatichydrocarbonswithsubscribersareAromatichydrocarbonsarenamedwiththeprefix"phenyl"Example:"phenol"Example:"biphenyl"namedbycombiningthenameofeachsubscriber04NamingofoxygencontainingorganiccompoundsNamingofAlcoholsSummaryAlcoholsarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonatomthatisdirectlybondedtothehydroxylgroupwiththesuffixDetaileddescriptionAlcoholsareorganiccompoundsthatcontainahydroxidegroup(-OH)bondedtoacarbonatomTonamealcohols,thecarbonatomdirectlybondedtothehydroxylgroupisindicatedwiththesuffixForexample,methanol(CH3OH)isnamedbyadding"-alcohol"totheendofthename"methane"NamingofPhenolsSummaryDetaileddescriptionPhenolsarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonatomthatisdirectlybondedtothehydroxidegroupwiththeprefix"hydroxide"Phenolsareorganiccompoundsthatcontainahydroxidegroup(-OH)bondedtoacarbonatomwithinabenzeneringTonamephenols,thecarbonatomdirectlybondedtothehydroxidegroupisindicatedwiththeprefix"hydroxide"Forexample,hydroxide(C6H5OH)isnamedbyadding"hydroxide-"tothebeginningofthename"benzene"NamingofEthersSummar...
