2022初级翻译资格考试试题初级翻译资格考试试题MiltonFriedman,FreeMarketsTheorist,Diesat94.MiltonFriedman,thegrandmasteroffree-marketeconomictheoryinthepostwareraandaprimeforceinthemovementofnationstowardlessgovernmentandgreaterrelianceonindividualresponsibility,diedtodayinSanFrancisco,wherehelived.Hewas94.第1页共12页ConservativeandliberalcolleaguesalikeviewedMr.Friedman,aNobelprizelaureate,asoneofthe20thcentury’sleadingeconomicscholars,onaparwithgiantslikeJohnMaynardKeynesandPaulSamuelson.Flyingtheflagofeconomicconservatism,Mr.FriedmanledthepostwarchallengetothehallowedtheoriesofLordKeynes,theBritisheconomistwhomaintainedthatgovernmentshadadutytohelpcapitalisticeconomiesthroughperiodsofrecessionandtopreventboomtimesfrom第2页共12页explodingintohighinflation.InProfessorFriedman’sview,governmenthadtheoppositeobligation:tokeepitshandsofftheeconomy,toletthefreemarketdoitswork.TheonlyeconomicleverthatMr.Friedmanwouldallowgovernmenttousewastheonethatcontrolledthesupplyofmoney—amonetaristviewthathadgoneoutoffavorwhenheembraceditinthe1950s.Hewentontorecordasignalachievement,predictingtheunprecedentedcombinationof第3页共12页risingunemploymentandrisinginflationthatcametobecalledstagflation.HisworkearnedhimtheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencein1976.Rarely,hiscolleaguessaid,didanyonehavesuchimpactonbothhisownprofessionandongovernment.Thoughheneverservedofficiallyinthehallsofpower,hewasalwaysaroundthem,asanadviserandtheorist.“Amongeconomicscholars,MiltonFriedmanhadnopeer,”BenS.Bernanke,theFederalReservechairman,said第4页共12页today.“Thedirectandindirectinfluencesofhisthinkingoncontemporarymonetaryeconomicswouldbedifficulttooverstate.”AlanGreenspan,theformerFederalReservechairman,saidofMr.FriedmaninaninterviewonTuesday.“Fromalonger-termpointofview,it’shisacademicachievementswhichwillhavelastingimport.ButIwouldnotdismisstheprofoundimpacthehasalreadyhadontheAmericanpublic’sview.”第5页共12页Mr.Friedmanhadagiftforcommunicatingcomplicatedideasinsimpleandlucidways,anditservedhimwellastheauthororco-authorofmorethanadozenbooks,asacolumnistforNewsweekfrom1966to1983andevenasthestarofapublictelevisionseries.试题PanamagoestopollsonupgradeforcanalPANAMACITY:VoterswereexpectedSundaytoapprovethe第6页共12页largestmodernizationprojectinthe92-yearhistoryofthePanamaCanal,a$5.25billionplantoexpandthewaterwaytoallowforlargershipswhilealleviatingtrafficproblems.ThegovernmentofPresidentMartínTorrijoshasbilledthereferendumashistoric,sayingtheworkwoulddoublethecapacityofacanalalreadyonpacetogenerateabout$1.4billioninrevenuethisyear.Criticsclaimtheexpansionwouldbenefitthecanal'scustomersmorethanPanamanians,andworrythatcostscouldballoon,forcing第7页共12页thisdebt-riddencountrytoborrowevenmore.TheprojectwouldbuildathirdsetoflocksonthePacificandAtlanticendsofthecanalby2022,allowingittohandlemoderncontainerships,cruiselinersandtankerstoolargeforitslocks,whichare33meters,or108feet,wide.ThePanamaCanalAuthority,theautonomousgovernmentagencythatrunsthecanal,saystheprojectwouldbepaidforbyincreasingtollsandwouldgenerate$6billionin第8页共12页revenueby2025.ThereisnothingPanamaniansaremorepassionateaboutthanthecanal."It'sincomparableinthehemisphere,"saidSamuelLewisNavarro,thecountry'svicepresidentandforeignsecretary."It'sinourheart,partofoursoul."Publicopinionpollsindicatethattheplanwouldbeapprovedoverwhelmingly.Greenandwhitesignsthroughout第9页共12页thecountryread"Yesforourchildren,"whiletensofthousandsofbillboardsandbumperstickerstrumpetnewjobs."Thecanalneedsyou,"televisionandradioadsimplore."Itwillmeanmoreboats,andthatmeansmorejobs,"saidDamascoPolanco,whowasherdingcowsonhorsebackinNuevoProvedencia,onthebanksofLakeGatún,anartificialreservoirthatsupplieswatertothecanal.第10页共12页Thecanalemploys8,000workersandtheexpansionisexpectedtogenerateasmanyas40,000newjobs.UnemploymentinPanamais9.5percent,and40percentofthecountrylivesinpoverty.Butcriticsfearthattheexpansioncouldcostnearlydoublethegovernment'sestimate,aswellasstokecorruptionanduncontrolleddebt."Thepoorcontinuetosufferwhiletherichgetricher,"saidJoséFelixCastillo,62,ahighschool第11页共12页teacherwhowasoneofabout3,000supporterswhotooktoPanamaCity'sstreetstoprotestthemeasureonFriday.LewisNavarronotedthataportionoftherevenuegeneratedbyeachtonofcargothatpassesthroughthewaterwaygoestoeducationandsocialprograms."Wearen'ttalkingabout40percentpovertyasaconsequenceofthecanal,"hesaid."It'sexactlytheopposite."本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第12页共12页
