GrammarandusageVerb-edform一、V-ed分词具有形容词和副词性质，在句中可充当定语、表语、宾语补语、状语。1．作定语过去分词作定语，表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态,但不及物动词构成的过去分词只表示完成，而不表示被动意义。例如：完成+被动：apollutedriveralockedroomawell-educatedman只有完成：aretiredworkerafallenleafboiledwater作定语的V-ed分词也有前置和后置两种情况。单个过去分词作定语，常常位于被修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于被修饰的名词后面，相当于一个定语从句。Eg.1).Youshouldimproveyourspoken(speak)English.2).What’sthelanguagespoken(speak)inthatarea?=.What’sthelanguagewhich/thatisspoken(speak)inthatarea?3).Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhowastrappedinthefire.4).Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.2．作表语作表语的V-ed分词大多转化成为形容词，通常用于联系动词之后（例如be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,get等），表示主语所处的状态1).Edisonbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.2).Shelooksveryexcited(excite)atthenews.3).WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingergotcut(cut)unexpectedly.3．作宾语补足语如果宾语与后面作宾补的动词构成被动关系，则使用V-ed分词作宾补。可以带V-ed分词作宾补的词有：with,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,sense,find,leave,keep,get,have,make.1).Ihadmymoneystolen(steal)onthebus.2).AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(understand).3).Inthemorning,peoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged(change).4．作状语作状语的V-ed分词与主句之间常有逗号隔开,在句中可表示时间,原因,条件,让步,伴随等情况,并可转化为相应的状语从句。作状语的V-ed和主句的主语常有被动关系。1)时间状语Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.=Whentheearthisseenfromspace,itlooksblue.Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2)原因状语Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.=Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Becausetheyweremovedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.=Movedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.3)条件状语Givenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.Comparedwithotherprofessors,sheisanexcellentspeaker.=.4)让步状语Laughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.=Thoughhewaslaughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.Eventhoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.=Defeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.5)伴随状语Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.=Theboysatatthetableandhewasburiedinhishomework.Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.=Thegirllayinbedandshewaslostinthought.Iwillspendthenightlocked(lock)inyourroom.Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed(disappoint)withthebadservice.二、转化为形容词的V-ed有一些过去分词已转化为形容词,失去被动意义,仅表状态。如:hidden,dressed,lost,seated,determined,absorbed,injured,based,surprised,satisfied,bored,tired…e.gWhatmadeyousofrightened?Thedog,boredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.=Thedog,whichisboredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.=Ashewasmuchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.Seatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.=Whilehewasseatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.三、连词+V-ed过去分词有时和连词(when,while,whenever,until,if,unless,once,though,although，eventhough/if)一起用，相当于状语从句的紧缩式。（注意：before...
