名词性从句名词性从句(主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句)(一)主语从句1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2.2.构成:关联词+简单句3.3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:4.(1)从属连词that。如:Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如:Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。如:Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。解释:1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。如:It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遗憾我们不能去。。C.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。D.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗?G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)来的人将受到欢迎。(二)表语从句1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:(1)从属连词that。如:ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词whether,as,asif。如:Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但asif却可引导表语从句能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。如:Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。解释:1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。注意:1.what引导“⋯⋯.+is+what表语从句”,=“⋯⋯.+is+先行词that⋯⋯”,表示“.⋯.是表语从句”例:Rawmaterialiswhatwearebadlyinneedof.=Rawmaterialisthethingthatwearebadlyinneedof.2.when、where、why、whether、how引导“⋯⋯.+is+when、where、why、whether、how表语从句”,表示“.⋯.是表语从句”例:That’swherewediffer.表语从句中只能用whether表示是否例:Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.3.that引导“⋯⋯.+is/remain/look/seem/appear+that表语从句”,表示“.⋯.是表语从句”例:What’stroublingmeisthatIdon’thavemuchexperienceinthisfield.主语是reason时,表语从句必须由that引出例:ThereasonIdon’tgotherewasthatIgotanewjob.4.asif/asthrough引导“⋯⋯look/seem/appear/remain(系动词)+asif/asthrough表语从句”,表示“.⋯.好像表语从句”例:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(三)宾语从句1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属...