畜禽养殖业对抚仙湖水质污染调查摘要:为保护抚仙湖的优良水质,对抚仙湖流域人和畜禽粪便的产生、利用及流失状况进行了专题调查。结果显示,流域内畜禽粪便产生量远远大于居民生活排放量,其中COD为居民排放量的6.1倍、TN为1.7倍,TP为3.3倍;与散养畜禽相比,规模化养殖产生的粪便利用率高、排放率和入湖率低;流域内人、畜禽粪便污染负荷入湖量COD、TN、TP分别占陆地面源污染入湖总量的52.9%、41.7%、42.9%;粪便资源化利用率低下,化肥与人畜肥的施用比例由20世纪70年代的1∶9上升到目前的8∶2。因此,大幅提高粪便资源化利用率、减少化肥施用量是保护抚仙湖优良水质的重要途径。建议抚仙湖流域内建立家庭循环经济模式,发展有机农业。关键词:抚仙湖流域;畜禽养殖业;水质污染;调查中图分类号:X524;X713文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)15-3287-03InvestigationonlivestockandpoultrybreedingPollutiontoWaterBodyinFuxianLakeBasinWANGLin1,LIUYu2,QIYun-kuan2,LIUJia-zhong1(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,YuxiNormalUniversity,Yuxi653100,Yunnan,China;2.YuxiInstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,Yuxi653100,Yunnan,China)Abstract:ToprotecttheFuxianlake,theproduction,uitizationandlossofnightsoilfromhuman,poultryandanimalinFuxianlakeb第1页共3页asinwasinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatthelivestockandpoultrymanureproductioninthebasinwasmuchlargerthanresidentialemissions.Amongthem,thebasinCOD,TN,andTPwasrespectively6.1,1.7and3.3foldoftheresidentialemissions.Comparedtobackyardlivestock,large-scalefarminghadhighutilizationrateandlowemissionrate;theCOD,TN,TPinthelossoflivestockandpoultrymanurecontributedto52.9%,41.7%and42.9%ofthetotalamountofnon-pointpollutantsrespectively.Theresourceutilizationrateofnightsoilwaslow;andtheratiooffertilizertoappliednightsoilhadraisedfrom1∶9inthe70stothepresent8∶2.Thus,asubstantialincreaseinfecalresourceutilization,reduceintheamountofchemicalfertilizerwasimportantwaytoprotecttheexcellentwaterqualityofFuxianlake;anditwassuggestedthatcircularagricultureandorganicagriculturemustbedevelopedinFuxianlakebasin.Keywords:Fuxianlakebasin;livestockandpoultrybreeding;waterpollution;investigation抚仙湖流域面积674.69km2,其中湖水面积216.第2页共3页60km2[1],流域包括澄江、江川及华宁3个县的8个乡镇共351个自然村。2010年流域内常住人口178832人,其中农业人口158299人。发展畜禽养殖业,一方面可以为居民提供食物、增加经济收...