替代省略插入语一，替代替代是指为了避免重复，用相应的词替代上文中出现的某个单词或词组，这种现象叫替代。that/one/it;do/does/did;so;notthat，one，it等替代上文中的名词•that指上文出现过的不可数名词单数或可数名词,特指,表示“the+n.”,其复数为those.•ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan_______ofGermany.•Thebookonthedeskiseasierthan_______ontheshelf.•Thestudentsinthisclassworkharderthan______inthatclass.thatthatthose•one用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词,表示泛指,复数为ones.可用“an/a+n.表示.•Astonebridgeisusuallystrongerthan_____madeofwood.•it用来代指具体的,特定的上文提及的东西,与上文是同名同物•Iboughtapenyesterday,butIlost_____afterwards.oneitdo替代上文中出现过的动词(词组)•Ahorserunsfasterthanacowdoes.(runs)•Thisstudentstudiesharderthanthatonedoes.(studies)•----Didyoureadthisnovel?----Yes,Idid.(readthisnovel)so代替上文出现过的内容•用作下列动词的宾语,代替一个宾语从句:Ithink,believe,suppose,imagine,guess,expect,hope及I’mafraidso等.•---Doyouthinkshewillcome?---Ithinkso.(Ithinkshe’llcome.)•so+do,does,did/can等/系v.+sb./sth.表示某人或某事也是如此。---It’sfinetoday.---____________yesterday.•so+sb./sth.+do,does,did/can等/系v.表示某人或某事确实如此。---Youarelateagain---___________.SowasitSoIamIthink/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/I’mafraid/expect/hopenot代替一个否定的宾语从句。---Issheright?---Ithinknot/Idon’tthinkso.---Willitraintomorrow?---Ihopenot.注意点•(1)think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,guess后的否定词not,简略问答有两种:Ithinknot或Idon’tthinkso..我认为不这样.•(2)Ihopenot(否),Ihopeso(肯)√Idon’thopeso.ו(3)I’mafraidnot.√I’mnotafraidso.ⅹ二、插入语•常插入一些单词,短语或句子,用来补充某些含义,语法上称它们为“插入语”.它起到解释说明的作用,如果去掉,对句子本身影响不大.然而有些插入语是不可去掉的,比如:forexample,inotherwords等.单词(多是副词)单词作插入语位置比较灵活,可位于句末,句中,句首.•常见的有though,however,therefore,personally,luckily,obviously,consequently,fortunately等,常用逗号与句子分开.Ihadthoughthecouldn’tcome.Hecame,though.Personally,Ithinkhe’stooselfish.Hermotherwasseriouslyill.Consequently,sheleftschool短语现在分词短语,不定式短语,介词短语都可作插入语,起到补充说明的意思,•常见的插入语短语有:forexample/bytheway/generallyspeakingtobefrank/believeitornot/onthecontrary句子doyouthink/believe/suppose,doyouknow,Ibelieve,what’smore,let’ssay,thatistosay多位于句末,也可位于句中.•AsfarasIknow,Heisveryclever.据我所知,他很聪明.•Whodoyouthinkwillgothere?你认为谁会去那儿?注意点•插入语doyouthink/believe/suppose/know用于特殊疑问句中时,其语序是:疑问词+doyouthink+主+谓?–Whatdoyouthinkyouaredoing?–Howdoyousupposetheycananswerthesequestions?–Whomdoyouthinkhereallyloves?–Whendoyouexpecttheywillcomeback?三，省略1.感官动词或使役动词（如：notice,hear,let,make)等后接不定式作宾补时省略to,被动时to不能省略。即:notice/hearsb.dosth.sb.benoticed/heardtodosth.2.在prefertodoratherthandocannothelpbutdo,nothing…butdo等句型中常省略to。3.to代替不定式以免重复，常用此结构的动词：refuse,want,seem,mean,intend,expect,hope,fear,fail,wish,wouldlike/love,tell等•Icouldn’tfindhim,thoughIwantedto.(findhim)•---Wouldyouliketocometotheparty?---I’dlove/liketo.(cometotheparty)Imeanttowritetoyou,butforgotto.(writetoyou)---Youhurthim.---Ididn’tmeanto.(hurthim)4.应注意状语从句、定语从句中的省略。状语从句中，如果谓语含动词be,主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it,从句中主语和be一齐省略。5.注意not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略6.usedtobe中be不能省略•不定式的完成式后保留tohave----Yououghttohavefinishedyourwork.----IknowIoughttohave.•不定式的否定式后保留to---Didyouwanttogiveatalkonthissubject?---Iprefernotto.
