直接引语与间接引语讲义及练习VIP免费

直接引语与间接引语一、.直接引语是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：Mothertoldme,“Youshouldfinishyourhomework。”Theysaid,“Wewanttohavearest.”间接引语即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：MothertoldmethatIshouldfinishmyhomework.Theysaidtheywantedtohavearest.二、.当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：1）主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词叶变为过去的某种时态。即：一般现在时－>一般过去时现在进行时－>过去进行时一般将来时－>过去将来时现在完成时－>过去完成时一般过去时－>过去完成时过去完成时－>过去完成时例如：Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”－>Shesaid(that)shewashungry.Hesaid,“Thefamilyarefightingamongthemselves.”Hesaid(that)thefamilywerefightingamongthemselves.Theysaid,“We’regoingtoHawaiithissummervacation.”－>TheysaidtheyweregoingtoHawaiithatsummervacation.Shesaid,“Themilkwillgooff（变质）ifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.”－>ShesaidthemilkwouldgooffifIdidn’tdrinkitthatday.特殊情况当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：Theteachersaidtous,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”－>Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.2）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如：Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”－>Hesaidtheylovetheircounty.指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定词this，those通常变为that，those或the。例如：“Thishouseisveryexpensive,”shesaid.－>Shesaidthathousewasveryexpensive.Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaid,“Wepickedtheseuponthestreet.”－>Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaidtheyhadpickedthemuponthestreet.3）指示代词、时间状语在间接引语中的变况：在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthesethatthose表示时间的词nowtodaythisweek(month,etc.)yesterdaylastweek(month,etc.)threedays(ayear,etc.)agotomorrownextweek(month,etc.)thenthatdaythatweek(month,etc.)thedaybeforetheweek(month,etc.)beforethreedays(ayear,etc.)beforethenext(following)daythenext(following)week(month,etc.)动词Comego4）地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。例如：Shesaid,“Ifirstmetyourbrotherhere.”－>Shesaidshefirstmetmybrotherthere.“Arethechildrenhere?”Fatherasked.－>Fatheraskedwhetherthechildrenwerehere.三、根据从句的不同句型，我们分为以下三种情况1）陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句例如：Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.2）.一般疑问句变成if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如：Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.3）.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.4）祈使句变为动词不定式，作ask,tell等动词的宾语补足语（表示命令时常用tell,order等；表示请求时常用ask,beg等）。例如：Hesaid,“Don’tsteponthegrass,Jim!”.Hesays,“Becarefulwhenyouaredoingyourhomework”.练习一、选择题1．Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow．_____hecomes，I'lltellyou．A．if；WhetherB．whether；WhetherC．if；ThatD．if；If2．Idon‘tknow__hewillcometomorrowornot．A．whenB．whatC．ifD．whether3．Couldyoutellme______thenearesthospitalis？A．whatB.whereC．whetherD．how4．Couldyoutellme___hemendedtheradi...