直接引语与间接引语一、.直接引语是指原封不动的引用原话,把它放在引号内,例如:Mothertoldme,“Youshouldfinishyourhomework。”Theysaid,“Wewanttohavearest.”间接引语即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是:MothertoldmethatIshouldfinishmyhomework.Theysaidtheywantedtohavearest.二、.当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时,由于引述动词(said,told等)一般都是过去时形式,因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况:1)主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词叶变为过去的某种时态。即:一般现在时->一般过去时现在进行时->过去进行时一般将来时->过去将来时现在完成时->过去完成时一般过去时->过去完成时过去完成时->过去完成时例如:Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”->Shesaid(that)shewashungry.Hesaid,“Thefamilyarefightingamongthemselves.”Hesaid(that)thefamilywerefightingamongthemselves.Theysaid,“We’regoingtoHawaiithissummervacation.”->TheysaidtheyweregoingtoHawaiithatsummervacation.Shesaid,“Themilkwillgooff(变质)ifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.”->ShesaidthemilkwouldgooffifIdidn’tdrinkitthatday.特殊情况当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时:Theteachersaidtous,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”->Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.2)人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化人称代词,除引述本人原话外,通常第一、二人称变为第三人称,或者第二人称变为第一人称;限定词也作相应的变化。例如:Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”->Hesaidtheylovetheircounty.指示代词this,these分别变成that/it,those/they或them;指示限定词this,those通常变为that,those或the。例如:“Thishouseisveryexpensive,”shesaid.->Shesaidthathousewasveryexpensive.Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaid,“Wepickedtheseuponthestreet.”->Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaidtheyhadpickedthemuponthestreet.3)指示代词、时间状语在间接引语中的变况:在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthesethatthose表示时间的词nowtodaythisweek(month,etc.)yesterdaylastweek(month,etc.)threedays(ayear,etc.)agotomorrownextweek(month,etc.)thenthatdaythatweek(month,etc.)thedaybeforetheweek(month,etc.)beforethreedays(ayear,etc.)beforethenext(following)daythenext(following)week(month,etc.)动词Comego4)地点状语here通常变为there;但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地,可仍用here,也可用具体地点代替here。例如:Shesaid,“Ifirstmetyourbrotherhere.”->Shesaidshefirstmetmybrotherthere.“Arethechildrenhere?”Fatherasked.->Fatheraskedwhetherthechildrenwerehere.三、根据从句的不同句型,我们分为以下三种情况1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句例如:Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.2).一般疑问句变成if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如:Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.3).特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如:Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.4)祈使句变为动词不定式,作ask,tell等动词的宾语补足语(表示命令时常用tell,order等;表示请求时常用ask,beg等)。例如:Hesaid,“Don’tsteponthegrass,Jim!”.Hesays,“Becarefulwhenyouaredoingyourhomework”.练习一、选择题1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._____hecomes,I'lltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon‘tknow__hewillcometomorrowornot.A.whenB.whatC.ifD.whether3.Couldyoutellme______thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.whereC.whetherD.how4.Couldyoutellme___hemendedtheradi...