GrammarGrammar非谓语动词作定语的区别非谓语动词作定语的区别现在分词：过去分词：不定式：V-ingbeingdoneV-edtodo主动，进行被动，进行被动，完成将来UsedasattributivesGrammarI非谓语动词作定语可以说明被修饰人或物所处的状态，相当于形容词。amazedamazing;disappointeddisappointing;frighteningfrightened1.及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义。abrokencup一个破杯子awoundedsoldier一名伤员2.不及物动词的过去分词表示完成意义或状态。agrownwoman一位成年妇女anescapedprisoner一名逃犯anoldladydressedinblack.穿着黑衣的老妇人单个的过去分词作定语发达国家发展中国家沸腾的水烧开过的水developingcountrydevelopedcountryboilingwaterboiledwater分词既可以作前置定语,也可以作后置定语。2.过去分词短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。aletterwrittentomebymydaughter=aletterthatwaswrittentomebymydaughter一封我女儿写给我的信thecolorTVsetproducedlastyear=thecolorTVsetthatwereproducedlastyear去年生产的彩色电视机3.要注意过去分词做定语时动作发生的时间：1)过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，即完成。如：这些正在飘落的树叶都是黄色的。这些落下了的树叶是马路变成了黄色。Theleavesareallyellow.Lotsofleavesmaketheroadyellow.fallingfallen2)表示一个被动的动作，如：Heisaprofessorbyalltheteachersandstudentsofthecollege.当时他是一个受这所大学里全体师生尊敬的教授。respectedHaveyoureadthenovelbyDickens.（write）Iknowthemanonthebench.（sleep）Listen!Thesongisverypopularwiththestudents.（sing）Thestudentsthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.（attend）•HaveyoureadthenovelbyDickens.（write）•Iknowthemanonthebench.（sleep）•Listen!Thesongisverypopularwiththestudents.（sing）•Thestudentsthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.（attend）writtenbeingsungsleepingtoattend1.TheTownHallinthe1800swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingcompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted2.---Canthoseatthebackoftheclassroomhearme?---Noproblem.A.SeatB.sitC.SeatedD.sat3.therewasan____lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.A.excitedB.excitementC.excitingD.excitedly4.Thebridge___nextyearwillbeverylong.A.beingbuiltB.tobebuiltC.builtD.building5.Fromhis____voice,Ihavetosaythatyouarereally_____.A.disappointed;disappointedB.disappointing;disappointingC.disappointed;disappointingD.disappointing;disappointed6.Thisistheproblem___atthemeetingyesterday.A.beingdiscussed;B.discussingC.tobediscussedD.discussed7.The___lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.excitedD.excitingPastTenseTimeExpressions1.常用的表示过去的时间状语有:recently,duringtheday,onenight,alongtimeago,untilthe1920s,in1925,formanyyears,justnow,atthattime,duringhismiddleschoolyears,then,lastnight/year/week/month,aweek/month/yearago,intheolddays…GrammarII:2.表示过去的习惯性、重复性的动作,常用一定的时间状语或频度状语,如：IplayedfootballeveryweekwhenIwasyoung.Iusedtogoshoppingduringweekdays.语法练习(二)将下列句子译成英语:1.上周末,简吃了一顿由外婆做的好饭。Lastweekend,Janeateanicemealcookedbyhergrandmother.2.昨天晚上,她完成作业后就上床睡觉了。Shewenttobedaftershefinishedherhomeworklastnight.4.玛丽过去一周来拜访我一次。3.前几天,罗伯特去北京出差了。RobertwenttoBeijingonbusinesstheotherday.Maryusedtopayavisitto/visitmeonceaweek.
