1.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.(2005.阅读.Text2)【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团,他们告诉我们,地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖,而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciencestotellusthat...andthat...。主系表容易辨认,totellus作目的状语,两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个句子略显复杂的是插入语enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,割裂了这句话的整体性。2.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.(2005.阅读.Text2)【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导,关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时,应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先,句子的主干sciencedoesprovideus...futureanditiscritical...。and连接两个并列的句子,前句是个简单句,容易理解;后句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,因为从句很长,若放在句首,句子则显得头重脚轻。that主语从句中,ournationandtheworld是主语,base是谓语,importantpolicies是宾语,onthebestjudgments是宾语补足语,而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意,concerningthefutrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词,意为“关于,就⋯⋯而论”。3.Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.(2005.阅读.Text2)【译文】就像吸烟问题一样,来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。【析句】句子的主干是voicesnowcomefrommanyquarters,insitingthat...,that...中,insisting是现在分词作定语,相当于thatinsist;两个that引导的都是宾语从句,作insist的宾语。第二个that从句中,还包含until引导的时间状语从句。1.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.(2005.阅读.Text1)【译文】但是,当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里,能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时,猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。【析句】主句是简单句,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.从句比较复杂,首先是when引导时间状语从句,sothat引导结果状语从句,其中,whattheotherwasgetting是observe的宾语从句。2.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.(2005.阅读.Text1)【译文】如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话,那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外,或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。【析句】句子的主干是ifonereceivedagrape,theothereithertossed...chamber,orrefusedto...........cucumber.先看if引导的条件状语从句,withouthavingtoprovide.....inexchange是介宾结构;再看主句,主语是theother,有两个由or连接的动作toss...atoroutof和refusedtoaccept。3.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.(2005.阅读.Text1)【译文】但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成,还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先,这还是一个悬而未决的问题。【析句】例句3和例句1看起来结构相似,其实...