1被动语态讲解一、总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice)和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。二、被动语态的形式1)常用时态的被动语态的构成：被动语态的基本形式为助动词be+及物动词的过去分词，即bedone。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+given一般过去时：was/were+given一般将来时：shall/will+be+given过去进行时：was/were+being+given现在进行时：am/is/are+being+given过去完成时：had+been+given现在完成时：have/has+been+given将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+given过去将来时：should/would+be+given现在完成进行时：have/hasbeenbeingdone含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋bedone［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我们学校不教俄语。3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上种了许多树吗？Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少钱？三、被动语态使用范围2谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1.Somestampswerestolenlastweek.2.ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1,1949.3.Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.四、主动语态与被动语态的转换1．主语+谓语+宾语练习：将下列各句改为被动语态。1.Heplantstreesinspring.2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.3.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.4.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．5.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．6.Wearepaintingtherooms.7.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.8.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.9.Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.10.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputer______beenbought.2.主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.）Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。练习1：将下列句子变为被动语态。1）Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.2）Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.练习2：在横线上填for或者to.1）Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmade_____me.)32)Themeatwascooked______us.3)Mybikewaslent____her.4)Somecountrymusicwasplayed_____us.5)Thecupwithmixturewasshowed______theclass.注意：有些既不用to也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.)PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短语)3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的...
