研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译VIP免费

Presentingaspeech（做演讲）Ofallhumancreations,languagemaybethemostremarkable.Through在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言languageweshareexperience,formulatevalues,exchangeideas,transmit来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，knowledge,andsustainculture.Indeed,languageisvitaltothinkitself.传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrarytopopularbelief],language|doesnotsimplymirrorrealitybutalsohelpstocreateoursenseofreality[bygivingmeaningtoevents].和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。Goodspeakershaverespectforlanguageandknowhowitworks.Wordsarethetoolsofaspeaker’scraft.Theyhavespecialuses,justlikethetoolsofanyotherprofession.Asaspeaker,youshouldbeawareofthemeaningofwordsandknowhowtouselanguageaccurately,clearly,vividly,andappropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。Usinglanguageaccuratelyisasvitaltoaspeakerasusingnumbersaccuratelytoaaccountant.Neveruseawordunlessyouaresureofitsmeaning.Ifyouarenotsure,lookupthewordinthedictionary.Asyouprepareyourspeeches,askyourselfconstantly,“WhatdoIreallywanttosay?WhatdoIreallymean?”Choosewordsthatarepreciseandaccurate.演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。Usinglanguageclearlyallowslistenerstograspyourmeaningimmediately.Youcanensurethis[byusingfamiliarwords（thatareknowntotheaveragepersonandrequirenospecializedbackground）;bychoosingconcretewordsinpreferencetomoreabstractones,andbyeliminatingverbalclutter].用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇还有要减少口误。Usinglanguagevividlyhelpsbringyourspeechtolife.Oneway(tomakeyourspeechvivid)|isthroughimagery，orthecreationofwordpictures.Youcandevelopimagerybyusingconcretelanguage,simile,andmetaphor.Simileisanexplicitcomparisonbetweenthings（thatareessentiallydifferentyethavesomethingincommon）;italwayscontainsthewords“like”or“as”.Metaphorisanimplicitcomparisonbetweenthingsthataredifferentyethavesomethingincommon;itdoesnotcontainthewords“like”or“as”.生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like和as这些连接词。Anotherwaytomakeyourspeechesvividisbyexploitingtherhythmoflanguage.Fourdevicesforcreatingrhythmareparallelism,repetition,alliteration,andantithesis.Parallelismisthesimilararrangementofapairorseriesofrelatedwords,phrases,orsentences.Repetitionistheuseofthesamewordorsetofwordsatthebeginningorendofsuccessiveclausesorsentences.Alliterationcomesfromrepeatingtheinitialconstantsoundsofcloseoradjoiningwords.Antithesisisthejuxtapositionofcontrastingideas,usuallyinparallelstructure.我们还可以充分利用语言的节奏感使演讲更加生动活泼。具体有以下四种方式——排比，反复，押头韵和对偶。排比是指把一组或一系列相关的字词句以相似结构排列...