高中英语语法——倒装句一、定义：英语的基本句型是主语+谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换,称倒装句。二、分类：（完）全倒装句半倒装句（部分倒装）三、运用（一）完全倒装:主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词,叫完全倒装。有以下三种情况:1.当here,there,out,in,up,down等副词放在句首时,句子需全倒装:Theregoesthebell!铃响了！Therelivedanoldman.Herecomesthebus.注意:①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词,像go,come,rush等。②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Awayhewent.他走远了。2.方位状语在句首如:Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.Underthetreesataboy.3.直接引语在句首,这种情况可倒装也可不倒装如："Whatdoesitmean?"askedtheboy或theboyasked.（二）半倒装:主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装,有以下数种情况:1.否定意义的词在句首,句子半倒装【little,never,not,no,hardly,rarely,seldom】例：NevershallIforgetyou.AtnotimeandinnocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.在任何时候任何情况下中国都不会首先使用核武器。LittledidIunderstandwhathesaidtomeatthattime.2.几对并列连词notonly⋯butalso,hardly⋯when等连接两个并列句,连词在句首,前句半倒装,后句不倒装:Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway.NosoonerhadIgottothebusstopthanthebusstarted.注意:①notonly⋯butalso连接两个并列主语时不需倒装如:NotonlyyoubutalsoIlikeplayingchess.②neither⋯nor在句首时,前后两句都需倒装如：NeitherdoIhaveasisternordoesmyhusband.3.only在句首强调状语,主句半倒装:如：OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.OnlyinthiswaycanIlearnfrommyfault.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918,washeabletogetbacktowork.注意:only强调主语不倒装:Onlytheteacherscanusetheroom.4.so⋯that句型,so在句首时,主句倒装,that从句不倒装:如：Soeasyisitthatachildcanlearnit.Soharddidheworkthathefinallywonthefame.Isawthefilm,sodidhe.5.省略了if的虚拟条件句如：HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomething.Wereshehere,shewouldsupportthemotion.【典型例题】1._____canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard2.Seldom____anymistakesduringmypastfewyearsofworkinghere.A.wouldImakeB.didImakeC.IdidmakeD.shallImake3.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver,_____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize4.NotuntilIbegantowork____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’trealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealized5.—DoyouknowJimquarrelwithhisbrother?—Idon’tknow,_______.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso6.Onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday_____beabletowastemuchtime.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou7.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknewC.didn’tmanknowD.didmanknow8._____gotintotheroom,_____thetelephonerang.A.Hehardly;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when9.Onlyinthisway______doitwell.A.mustweB.wecouldC.canweD.wecan10.—Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.—_____,Let’sstophereforarest.A.NeithercanIB.NeitherdoIC.Ididn’tthinksoD.Ithinkso答案：CBABBDDBBB【课后巩固】1.HismotherhadtalkedtohimformanyminuteswhilehewaswatchingTV,but＿.A.alittledidhehearB.littledidhehearC.littleheardheD.alittleheardheB2_____theplane.A.FlewdownB.DownflewC.DownwasflyingD.DownflyB3.Duringthewar,＿＿＿＿butalsohelosthiswifeandhischild.A.notwashisjobinthelabtakenawayB.notonlywashisjobinthelabtakenawayC.notmerelyhisjobinthelabwastakenawayD.notjustwastakenawayh...
