初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词不定式讲解试题动词不定式不定式：to+动词原形知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！动词不定式的基本形式是"to+动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：toreadthenewspaper,tospeakatthemeeting等动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：句法作用例句作宾语Shewantedtoborrowedmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.作状语ShewenttoseehergrandmalastSunday.Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.作宾语补足语Lucyaskedhimtoturnofftheradio.SheaskedmetospeakmoreloudlyJimtoldLingFengtogohomeatonce.Thefathermadehissonstudyhard.作定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?Ihadsomethingtoeatthismorning.作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.Ittookusthreedaystodothework.动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成.如:Tellhimnottobelate.Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet.4)不定式省去to的情况:在感官动词see，watch，lookat，hear，listento，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：Letmelistentoyousingthesong.Hewatchedhissonplaycomputergames.Isawhimrunaway.------Hewasseentorunaway.Thebossmaketheworkersworkthewholenight.----Theworkersweremadetoworkthewholenight.5)动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,where,when等连用，构成不定式短语。如：Thequestioniswhentostart.Idon'tknowwheretogo.Heshowedmehowtouseacomputer.Whattodoisabigproblem.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：1.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.2.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.3.Mydreamistobeapilot.4.Hebegantoreadandwriteattheageoffive.5.Theteacheraskedmetospeakmoreloudly.6.Tomcametoseemelastnight.7.Iamgladtoseeyou.8.Haveyougotanythingtosay?9.TherearemanyplacestoseeinChina.10.Iaskedhimnottoopenthewindow.11.Idon'tknowwhattobuyforyou.12.Isawhimdance.13.Heoftenhelpsmecleantheroom.14.TheyaretooshytospeakEnglish.15.Hewasluckyenoughtofindhiswatch.16.Iwantyoutogotheretogetherwithme.解析：1、Togrowplants做主语；2、tohearyourvoice做主语；3、tobeapilot作表语；4、toreadandwrite作宾语；5、tospeakmoreloudly作宾语补足语；6、toseeme作状语；7、toseeyou作状语；8、tosay作定语；9、tosee作定语；10、nottoopenthewindow作宾语补足语；11、whattobuy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；13、cleantheroom作宾语补足语（省略to）；14、tospeakEnglish作状语；15、tofindhiswatch作状语；16、togotheretogetherwithme作宾语补足语。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案填空：1.Tellhim______thelight.A.toturnB.nottoturnonC.tonotturnD.nottoturn2.Ittookusmorethantwohours_______thedinner.A.prepareB.preparingC.toprepareD.tobeprepared3.Wefelttheearth_______.A.moveB.moveingC.tomoveD.bemoved4.Thestudentsweremade______thetexttentimes.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.toberead5.Thechairlooksratherhard_______,butinfactitisverycomfortable.A.tositB.tositonC.sittingD.sit6.Nobodyknows__________next.A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whichtodoD.howtodo7.Itisveryimportant______us________thesewords.A.to,torememberB.for,torememberC.for,rememberD.for,remembering8._______Englishwell,onemusthavealotpractice.A.ForspeakingB.SpeakingC.TospeakD.Speak9.I'mgoingtothelibrary______thebooks.A.return...
