1冰淇淋和制作料的微生物指标检测【摘要】目的:通过检测一定量的冰淇淋和制作料,分析样品的微生物污染情况,反映当前冰淇淋和制作料的微生物卫生状况,为减少冰淇淋受微生物污染情况的发生提供参考依据。方法:根据冰淇淋和制作料的微生物限量标准文献:GB2759-2015《食品安全国家标准冷冻饮品和制作料》和GB29921-2013《食品安全国家标准食品中致病菌限量》,确定检测项目:菌落总数测定、大肠菌群计数、金黄色葡萄球菌计数和沙门氏菌检验,然后基于以下食品微生物检测标准:GB4789.2-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》、GB4789.3-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验大肠菌群计数》第二法、GB4789.10-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》第二法和GB4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》,制定实验方案。每件样品必须四个检测项目全部合格,才报告为合格样品,否则,记为不合格样品。结果:绝大部分抽检样品都符合微生物卫生标准,冰淇淋样品合格率为97.3%(36/37),制作料样品合格率为100%(11/11),总合格率为97.87%(46/47)。不过其中有一批合格样品的菌落总数检测结果接近限量水平,还有一批合格样品的大肠菌群记数检测结果接近限量水平。结论:当前市面流通的冰淇淋和制作料的卫生状况较为良好,但也显示出我国的冰淇淋和制作料的微生物限量有过高的倾向。【关键词】冰淇淋和制作料;菌落总数;大肠菌群;金黄色葡萄球菌;沙门氏菌2MicrobiologicalDetectionofIceCreamandMakingMaterials[Abstract]Objective:Detectingsomeicecreamandmakingmaterialsandanalyzingthemicrobialcontaminationofthesamplesthatmakeknownthecurrenthygienestatusoficecreamandmakingmaterials,soastoprovidereferencestoreducethemicrobialcontaminationoficecream.Methods:Basedonthestardardsofmaximumlimitsforicecreamandmakingmaterialsmicroorganisms:GB2759-2015andGB29921-2013,thetestitems,whicharedetectionoftotalnumbersofcolony,coliformbacteria,StaphylococcusaureusandSalmonella,wasconfirmed.AndbasedonGB4789.2-2016,thesecondmethodofGB4789.3-2016,thesecondmethodofGB4789.10-2016andGB4789.4-2016,theexperimentalplanwasdeveloped.Arulewassetthatasamplemustbefullyqualifiedforfourtestingitems,thentheitisaqualifiedsample,otherwise,itwillberecordedasanunqualifiedsample.Results:Mostofsamplesareinlinewithstandardsofmicroorganisms.Theicecreamsamplesqualifiedratewas97.3%(36/37),whilethemakingmaterialsamplequalifiedratewas100%(11/11),andthetotalqualifiedratewas97.87%(46/47).However,oneofthequalifiedsamples’detectionresultoftotalcolonieswasclosetothelimitlevel,andoneofthequalifiedsamples’detectionresultofcoliformcountisclosetothelimitleveltoo.Conclusion:Thehygienicconditionoficecreamandmakingmaterialsinthemarketnowisgood,butitalsoshowsthatthemaximumlimitsforicecreamandmakingmaterialsmicroorganismsofourcountryistoohigh.[Keywords]IcecreamandmakingmaterialsTotalnumbersofcolonyColiformbacteriaStaphylococcusaureusSalmonella5目录1前言.......................................................................................................12冰淇淋和制作料的微生物指标限量...................................................23实验方法...............................................................................................23.1细菌总数测定、大肠菌群计数、金黄色葡萄球菌计数................23.1.1制作样品匀液.................................................23.1.2倾注平皿.....................................................23.1.3培养.........................................................33.1.4菌落计数、计算方法、结果报告.................................33.2沙门氏菌检测...