I玉米自走式喷雾机苗期间歇施药控制系统设计摘要一直以来，农业上防治病虫灾害的有效手段即为对农作物进行农药喷洒。然而，与其他发达国家相比，我国施药技术的落后导致农药的大量浪费，较低的农药利用率不仅提高了防治病虫害的成本，对生态自然环境的破坏也日益严重。尤其针对新疆大田种植玉米作物，施药面积大、用药量多，如何实现减药增效尤为重要。为提高我区农药利用率，提出应用变量施药技术，以苗期玉米植株为研究对象，研究设计一套适用于自走式喷药机的间歇施药控制系统，以期改善施药效果，降低农药污染。本文的主要研究内容如下：（1）以施药机具、施药技术角度出发，综述国内外间歇施药控制系统研究现状，通过对比对象检测传感器文献成果，结合本研究对象特征，优选超声传感器感知苗期玉米植株。根据系统设计目的与要求，研究确定了技术路线。（2）搭建了间歇施药控制硬件系统：设计了间歇施药液压回路，确定了液压元件参数；开发了基于PLC的电控系统，规划了PLC外部电路以及电磁阀驱动电路。（3）构建了系统压力控制模型与流量控制模型，基于作物超声检测高度，建立了间歇喷药变量控制模型。研究了基于PID的施药系统压力稳定控制算法，并完成模型仿真分析。（4）设计了基于PLC的系统控制软件，完成上位机软件开发。（5）搭建了间歇施药控制系统试验台，苗期玉米间歇施药台架试验结果表明：间歇施药控制系统性能良好，流量控制精度误差在±5.57%以内，压力闭环控制相对误差在±4.71%以内，满足作业要求。关键词：玉米苗期，间歇施药，PID控制，PLC。IIAbstractForalongtime,theeffectivemethodtopreventpestsanddiseasesinagricultureistospraypesticidesoncrops.However,comparedwithotherdevelopedcountries,thebackwardnessofpesticideapplicationtechnologyinourcountryleadstoalargeamountofwasteofpesticides.Thelowerutilizationrateofpesticidesnotonlyraisesthecostofcontrollingdiseasesandinsectpests,butalsodestroystheecologicalenvironment.EspeciallyforthefieldplantingofmaizecropsinXinjiang,theapplicationareaislargeandtheamountofmedicineusedislarge.Inordertoimprovetheutilizationrateofpesticideinourarea,theapplicationofvariablepesticideapplicationtechnologywasputforward.Takingmaizeplantsinseedlingstageastheresearchobject,asetofintermittentpesticideapplicationcontrolsystemsuitableforself-propelledsprayingmachinewasdesignedinordertoimprovethepesticideapplicationeffectandreducepesticidepollution.Themainresearchcontentsofthispaperareasfollows:(1)Fromtheperspectiveofapplicatorandapplicatortechnology,theresearchstatusofintermittentapplicatorcontrolsystemathomeandabroadwasreviewed.Bycomparingtheliteratureresultsofdetectionsensoroftheobjectandcombiningwiththecharacteristicsoftheobjectofthisstudy,theultrasonicsensorwasselectedtoperceivemaizeplantsinseedlingstage.Accordingtothedesignpurposeandrequirementofthesystem,thetechnicalrouteisdetermined.(2)Setuptheintermittentapplicationcontrolhardwaresystem:designedtheintermittentapplicationhydrauliccircuit,anddeterminedthehydrauliccomponentparameters;TheelectriccontrolsystembasedonPLCisdeveloped,theexternalcircuitofPLCandthedrivecircuitofsolenoidvalveareplanned.(3)Thesystempressurecontrolmodelandflowcontrolmodelwereconstructed,andthevariablecontrolmodelofintermittentsprayingwasestablishedbasedontheultrasonicdetectionheightofcrops.ThepressurestabilizationcontrolalgorithmbasedonPIDwasIIIstudiedandthemodelsimulationanalysiswascompleted.(4)DesignedthesystemcontrolsoftwarebasedonPLC,andcompletedtheuppercomputersoftwaredevelopment.(5)Thetestbedofintermittentpesticideapplicationcontrolsystemwasbuilt.Thetestresultsofintermittentpesticideapplicationplatforminseedlingst...
