I摘要话语承诺在稳定沟通方面发挥着至关重要作用。这种承诺能够增加听话者接受说话者所传递信息的意愿，但往往说话者也将承担着一定的代价。研究旨在考察小学生对预设的承诺线索及其相应代价的敏感性。本研究共招募四、五、六年级共310名小学儿童。结果发现，在代价上，话语承诺中所言承担的代价最高；但是，对他人组而言，含义在经过证实的情况下，它在话语承诺中代价是最高的；而预设在已证实情况下，它所承担的代价是最低。在结果表明，对于接受到的信息要经过求证，才能保证信息的有效性。这更加明确指出预设与含义可以作为说话人承诺的语用线索。关键词：小学儿童；预设；含义；话语承诺；代价IIAbstractDiscoursecommitmentplaysanimportantroleinstabilizingcommunication.Thiscommitmentcanincreasethelistener'swillingnesstoacceptthespeaker'smessage,butoftenatacosttothespeaker.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminethesensitivityofprimaryschoolstudentstopresetcommitmentcuesandtheircorrespondingcosts.Atotalof310primaryschoolchildreningrades4,5and6wererecruited.Theresultsshowthat,intermsofcost,theutterancepromisebearsthehighestcost.However,fortheothergroup,meaningisthemostcostlyinutterancecommitmentwhenithasbeenproved;Bydefault,intheprovencase,itbearsthelowestcost.Theresultsshowthatthevalidityofthereceivedinformationcanonlybeguaranteedthroughverification.Thismakesitmoreclearthatpresuppositionsandmeaningscanserveaspragmaticcluestothespeaker'scommitment.Keywords:Primaryschoolchildren;Presupposition;Meaning;Discoursecommitment;costIII目录一引言........................................................1（一）概念的界定...................................................1（二）预设与含义二者关系...........................................1（三）预设与含义在话语承诺代价的影响...............................2（四）问题提出.....................................................3（五）研究意义.....................................................41．理论意义........................................................42．实践意义........................................................4二实验研究........................................................4（一）实验目的.....................................................4（二）被试信息.....................................................5（三）实验材料.....................................................5（四）实验设计.....................................................5（五）实验程序.....................................................5三实验结果........................................................6四分析讨论........................................................8（一）预设在话语承诺中的讨论分析...................................8（二）含义在话语承诺中的讨论分析...................................9五建议.........................................................9（一）养成儿童独立思考能力与热爱阅读习惯...........................9（二）时刻保持与家长紧密联系......................................10（三）培养儿童脚踏实地面对生活....................................10六结论.......................................................11七创新与不足之处.................................................11致谢...........................................................12参考文献.....................................................13-14附录............................................................15-161一引言承诺在稳定沟通方面发挥着至关重要作用。当说话人向听话人许下承诺时，听话人乐于接受传递的信息。但当对方发现所传...
