摘要教师对幼儿的评价方式主要分为肯定评价和否定评价，即表扬和批评。为了达到良好的教育效果，教师经常采用表扬的方式鼓励幼儿，然而在真正的实施中却不得不使用批评的方式去教育幼儿。目前现有的研究较多是基于如何表扬幼儿的层面，对表扬进行深入探究，亦或研究批评幼儿应该掌握的方法等，较少将肯定评价和否定评价这两种教育方式进行比较研究，从而优化出在教学中怎样将两种教育方式合理运用到实践中。本研究正是以此为主要方向进行深入研究的。本研究主要采用文献研究法、观察法和访谈法。以西安地区幼儿园为例，首先大量搜集相关文献、著作等，并对其进行归纳整理，筛选出与本研究密切相关的内容。在进入到西安某幼儿园中进行观察，主要是对其园内一日生活的观察。访谈的形式则是首先需要制定相关访谈表格，再与幼儿教师及幼儿家长进行深入沟通交流。本研究将从肯定评价和否定评价这两种方式入手，深入研究其现状，从而发现问题，从表扬和批评中找到优化策略，即如何在教学活动中合理运用肯定和否定评价。现状方面当然存在很多问题，评价在教学中必不可少，作为最重要的两种评价幼儿的方式，表扬和批评首先研究的是存在的一些问题，包括评价目的不明确、评价方法单一、反馈跟进不及时等。针对这些问题，笔者搜集相关内容进行调查研究，找出优化策略，改善评价现状，例如在评价时严格遵循相关原则，运用合理的评价方法，重视评价对象因素及建立良好的师幼关系。从这几个大的方面进行进一步优化反思，细化具体实施方法及注意问题，使研究更具价值意义。关键词：幼儿教师；幼儿；评价方式；表扬；批评AbstractTeachersonchildren'sevaluationmethodsasthepositiveevaluationandnegativeevaluationofthemainpoints,namelythepraiseandcriticism.Inordertoachieveagoodeffectofeducation,teachersoftenencouragechildrenbythewayofrecognition,butintherealimplementationistousecriticismwaystoeducatechildren.Theexistingresearchmoreishowtopraisechildren'slevelbasedonthein-depthresearchofpraiseorcriticism,researchmethodsofchildrenshouldgrasp,lesspositiveevaluationandnegativeevaluation,comparativestudyofthetwokindsofeducationalmethods,inordertooptimizeinteachinghowtotwokindsofeducationmodeofrationaluseofthepractice.Thisstudyisusedasthemaindirection.Conductin-depthstudy.Thisresearchmainlyadoptstheliteratureresearchmethod,observationmethodandinterviewmethod.IntheareaofXi'ankindergartenasanexample,firstcollectedalargenumberofrelatedliteratureworks,andtocollateandanalyze,screenedandcloselyrelatedtothisstudy.InakindergarteninXi'anwereobserved,mainlyistheobservationoftheparkadayoflife.Theinterviewformisthefirstneedtoformulaterelevantinterviewform,andthenin-depthcommunicationwithteachersandparents.Thisstudyfromthepositiveevaluationandnegativeevaluationofthetwomethods,in-depthstudyofthestatusquo,tofindtheproblem,frompraiseandcriticismishowtofindtheoptimizationstrategyintheteachingactivitiesintherationaluseofpositiveandnegativeevaluation.Thecurrentsituationofcourse,therearealotofproblems,theevaluationisnecessaryintheteaching,asthetwoevaluationofchildrenthemostimportantway,praiseandcriticismisthefirststudyoftheexistingproblems,includingthepurposeoftheevaluationisnotclear,singleevaluationmethod,feedbackisnottimelyfollowup.Tosolvetheseproblems,theauthorcollectedrelevantcontentsofinvestigationandstudy,findouttheoptimizationstrategy,improvetheevaluationofthecurrentsituation,forexampleinthestrictevaluationWefollowtheprincipleoflattice,usingthereasonableevaluationmethod,payattentiontotheevaluationobjectfactorsandestablishagoodrelationshipbetweenteachersandchildren.Fromthisseveralaspectstofurtheroptimizethereflection,refinementoft...
