思维导图破解语法填空第1讲完形填空考情解析语法填空考情一览1语法填空考情一览分析全国卷近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：解题思路定冠词：特指；固定短语中(hitsbonthehead等)不定冠词：泛指；固定短语中(makeadifference等)纯空格并列连词：and，or，but，while(而)，when(=justatthattime)从句连词：引导定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的连词固定短语中的介词(focuson,betiredof，inneed等)一般介词(at，in，on，as，to，by，from等)代词it及助动词do，does，did；强调结构中的that)语法填空连词介词冠词语法填空给词题时态(判断依据：上下文时态一致、时间状语、固定句式)语态(判断方法：与主语的关系)主谓一致(方法：找准主语、主语是单数还是复数)虚拟语气(方法：虚拟条件、suggest/insist等特殊词等)不定式(表目的、形容词后作状语、enoughtodo等)动名词(作主语、宾语、表语)现在分词(主动进行,作定、状、补)过去分词(被动完成,作定、状、补)谓语非谓语解题思路语法填空给词题作主语、宾语、表语→填名词作定语、表语、补语→填形容词作状语→填副词作谓语→动词名词复数(判断方法:修饰语、谓语语境、常识)比较级(两者比较,常有than,隐性,否定词与比较级连用表示最高级)最高级(多者比较，常有in/of短语表范围)人称代词宾格(作宾语)物主代词形容词性(在名词前作定语)名词性(作主语、宾语)反身代词(反指主语或宾语，即与主语或宾语一致)词类转换比较等级代词解题思路真题演练(2020全国卷1卷)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess-61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct).”Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.touchedextremelywhereinterestthantofindmeansmuchits
