下载后可任意编辑新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson19~21新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson19【课文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Whatisgoingonwhenapersonexperiencesrapideye-movementsduringsleep?Itisfairlyclearthatthesleepingperiodmusthavesomefunction,andbecausethereissomuchofitthefunctionwouldseemtobeimportant.Speculationsaboutitsnaturehavebeengoingonforliterallythousandsofyears,andoneoddfindingthatmakestheproblempuzzlingisthatitlooksverymuchasifsleepingisnotsimplya下载后可任意编辑matterofgivingthebodyarest.‘Rest’,intermsofmusclerelaxationandsoon,canbeachievedbyabriefperiodlying,orevensittingdown.Thebody’stissuesareself-repairingandself-restoringtoadegree,andfunctionbestwhenmoreorlesscontinuouslyactive.Infactabasicamountofmovementoccursduringsleepwhichisspecificallyconcernedwithpreventingmuscleinactivity.Ifitisnotaquestionofrestingthebody,thenperhapsitisthebrainthatneedsresting?Thismightbeaplausiblehypothesiswereitnotfortwofactors.Firsttheelectroencephalograph(whichissimplyadeviceforrecordingtheelectricalactivityofthebrainbyattachingelectrodestothescalp)showsthatwhilethereisachangeinthepatternofactivityduringsleep,thereisnoevidencethatthetotalamountofactivityisanyless.Thesecondfactorismoreinterestingandmorefundamental.SomeyearsagoanAmericanpsychiatristnamedWilliamDement下载后可任意编辑publishedexperimentsdealingwiththerecordingofeye-movementsduringsleep.Heshowedthattheaverageindividual’ssleepcycleispunctuatedwithpeculiarburstsofeye-movements,somedriftingandslow,othersjerkyandrapid.Peoplewokenduringtheseperiodsofeye-movementsgenerallyreportedthattheyhadbeendreaming.Whenwokenatothertimestheyreportednodreams.Ifonegroupofpeopleweredisturbedfromtheireye-movementsleepforseveralnightsonend,andanothergroupweredisturbedforanequalperiodoftimebutwhentheywerenoexhibitingeye-movements,thefirstgroupbegantoshowsomepersonalitydisorderswhiletheothersseemedmoreorlessunaffected.Theimplicationsofallthiswerethatitwasnotthedisturbanceofsleepthatmattered,butthedisturbanceofdreaming.CHRISHEREVANSThestuffofdreamsfromTheListener【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】下载后可任意编辑speculationn.推测literallyadv.确实oddadj.奇特的tissuen.组织plausibleadj.似乎有理的hypothesisn.假说electroencephalographn.脑电图仪electroden.电极scalpn.头皮psychiatristn.精神病学家punctuatev.不时介入下载后可任意编辑jerkyadj.急动的disordern.失调implicationn.含意，暗示【课文注释】1.notsimplyamatterof...不仅仅是……。①simplyamatterof+doingsth例句：Ithinkit’ssimplyamatteroftheattackbeingweakened.我看这根本就是因为进攻削弱了的缘故。②simplyamatteroftime，只是时间问题。例句：It’ssimplyamatteroftimebeforetherebelsarecrushed.下载后可任意编辑把这些叛乱分子镇压下去只是迟早的事。2.intermsofmusclerelaxationandsoon，从是肌肉得到放松等方面来看。intermsof，从……方面看，就……而言。例句：Intermofmoney,he’squiterich,butnotintermofhappiness.就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。3.toadegree，在一定程度上，相当。①Youuseexpressionssuchastosomedegree,toalargedegree,ortoacertaindegreeinordertoindicatethatsomethingispartlytrue,butnotentirelytrue.例句：Thesestatementsare,tosomedegree,allcorrect.下载后可任意编辑这些论断从某种程度上来说是对的。②bydegrees：gradually，逐渐地。例句：Bydegreestheirfriendshipgrewintolove.他们的友谊渐渐进展成爱情。4.thenperhapsitisthebrainthatneedsresting?这是一个...
