Addition&OmissionAddition•StructuralAddition•SemanticAddition•RhetoricalAdditionStructuralAddition•Wewon’tretreat;weneverhaveandneverwill.•我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。•Theyhaveourinterestatheartaswehavetheirs.•他们关心我们的利益，我们也关心他们的利益。Supplyingwordsomittedorsubstitutedintheoriginal•Supplyingwordsnecessaryinstructureorcollocationofthetargettext:•Youcannotbuildaship,ahouse,oramachinetoolifyoudonotknowhowtomakeorreadadesign.•如果不懂得制图或不懂图纸，就不能造船、盖房子或制造机床。•Hewasaquietandthoughtfulman.•他举止文雅，待人体贴。•Principles:•Semanticandstructuralrequirementofthetargetlanguageinexpression!SemanticAddition•补充辅助性名词、动词以及概括性的词•增加辅助性动词：•Intheevening,aferthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.•晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后的公报。•Thiswasarecordincrease.•Weadviseanimmediatedecision.•Decision—makedecision.增加概括性的词•ThisreportsummedupthenewachievementsmadebySiemensinhomeappliances,medicalequipmentandcommunicationfacilities.•这篇报告总结了西门子在家用电器、医疗器械及通讯设施这三方面的新成就。•Theprincipalfunctionsthatmaybeperformedbyvacuumtubesarerectification,amplification,oscillation,modulation,anddetection.•真空管的五大职能是：整流、放大、振荡、调制和检波。增加解释性词语•HereenthusiastscanenjoythefantasticexperiencebroughtaboutbyournewPorsches.•在这里，车迷们将会体验全系新款保时捷跑车所带来的震撼感受。•HaveyougotaniPhoneyet?•You’renotRobinsonCrusoe.You’renotalone,sodon’tbesodamnedselfish.•你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁宾逊，不要事事只为自己打算。•PresidentHuwaswinedanddinedbyObama.RhetoricalAddition•Thehostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talkedandlaughed.•主人割、倒、端、切面包、说和笑。•主人割肉呀、斟酒呀，端菜呀，切面包呀，又说又笑，忙的不亦乐乎。•TheydriftedacrossAmericaandgatheredinthebigcitieswhenwintercame,hungry,defeated,empty,hopeless,restless,drivenbytheyknewnotwhat,alwaysonthemove,lookingeverywhereforwork,forthebarecrumbstosupporttheirmiserablelives,andfindingneitherworknorcrumbs.•他们漂泊啊，漂泊，走遍了美国，冬天到了，才在各大城市聚集起来，忍饥挨饿，到处碰壁，一无所有，前途渺茫，焦躁不安，心烦意乱，辗转奔波，到处找活干，到处找仅能糊口的面包，以维持他们悲惨的生活，可是一样也没找到。•总之，增补的原则是基于目标语在结构与语义上的双重需要。因此，必须充分了解目标语的表达习惯。如在表达汉语时，要充分考虑汉语的一些主要特点，如动词化、主动化、意合、状语前置、流水句、概括性、成语及四字格的大量使用、无冠词无复数。•原文有其意，但无其词，译文宜增补；增词不增意，正如减词不减意；译文增补应无损于愿意，有益于通顺，有助于传神。•“善删者字去而意留，善敷者辞殊而义显。”（刘勰：《文心雕龙熔裁篇》•同时，在运用省略技能时，也适用上述原则。•1.省略英语特有的词，如it，there,a(n),the,pronouns,connectives,prepositions(seePage158),甚至是动词或分词，如：•Ateachershouldberesponsible.•Thewishisthefathertothethought.•ShewasaJonesbeforeshemarriedBill.•Youshouldkeepcalmwhenyouareindanger.•Ifyouhavereadthesestories,telltheminyourownwords.•Shecoveredherfacewithherhandsasiftoprotecthereyes.•Evenifyougothereitwon’tdoanygood.
