BritishMuseumTheBritishMuseumisamuseumofhumanhistoryandcultureinLondon.Itscollections,whichnumbermorethansevenmillionobjects,areamongstthelargestandmostcomprehensiveintheworldandoriginatefromallcontinents,illustratinganddocumentingthestoryofhumanculturefromitsbeginningstothepresent.TheBritishMuseumwasestablishedin1753,largelybasedonthecollectionsofthephysicianandscientistSirHansSloane.Themuseumfirstopenedtothepublicon15January1759inMontaguHouseinBloomsbury,onthesiteofthecurrentmuseumbuilding.ItsexpansionoverthefollowingtwoandahalfcenturieswaslargelyaresultofanexpandingBritishcolonialfootprintandhasresultedinthecreationofseveralbranchinstitutions,thefirstbeingtheBritishMuseum(NaturalHistory)inSouthKensingtonin1887.Someobjectsinthecollection,mostnotablytheElginMarblesfromtheParthenon,aretheobjectsofintensecontroversyandofcallsforrestitutiontotheircountriesoforigin.Until1997,whentheBritishLibrary(previouslycentredontheRoundReadingRoom)movedtoanewsite,theBritishMuseumwasuniqueinthatithousedbothanationalmuseumofantiquitiesandanationallibraryinthesamebuilding.Themuseumisanon-departmentalpublicbodysponsoredbytheDepartmentforCulture,MediaandSport,andaswithallothernationalmuseumsintheUnitedKingdomitchargesnoadmissionfee.Since2002thedirectorofthemuseumhasbeenNeilMacGregor.HistorySirHansSloane,founderoftheBritishMuseumAlthoughprincipallyamuseumofculturalartobjectsandantiquitiestoday,theBritishMuseumwasfoundedasa"universalmuseum".ItsfoundationslieinthewillofthephysicianandnaturalistSirHansSloane(1660–1753).DuringthecourseofhislifetimeSloanegatheredanenviablecollectionofcuriositiesand,notwishingtoseehiscollectionbrokenupafterdeath,hebequeathedittoKingGeorgeII,forthenation,fortheprincelysumof£20,000.Atthattime,Sloane’scollectionconsistedofaround71,000objectsofallkinds[8]includingsome40,000printedbooks,7,000manuscripts,extensivenaturalhistoryspecimensincluding337volumesofdriedplants,printsanddrawingsincludingthosebyAlbrechtDürerandantiquitiesfromEgypt,Greece,Rome,theAncientNearandFarEastandtheAmericas.Foundation(1753)On7June1753,KingGeorgeIIgavehisformalassenttotheActofParliamentwhichestablishedtheBritishMuseum.TheFoundationAct,addedtwootherlibrariestotheSloanecollection.TheCottonianLibrary,assembledbySirRobertCotton,datedbacktoElizabethantimesandtheHarleianlibrary,thecollectionoftheEarlsofOxford.Theywerejoinedin1757bytheRoyalLibrary,assembledbyvariousBritishmonarchs.Togetherthesefour"foundationcollections"includedmanyofthemosttreasuredbooksnowintheBritishLibraryincludingtheLindisfarneGospelsandthesolesurvivingcopyofBeowulf.TheBritishMuseumwasthefirstofanewkindofmuseum–national,belongingtoneitherchurchnorking,freelyopentothepublicandaimingtocollecteverything.Sloane'scollection,whilstincludingavastmiscellanyofobjects,tendedtoreflecthisscientificinterests.TheadditionoftheCottonandHarleymanuscriptsintroducedaliteraryandantiquarianelementandmeantthattheBritishMuseumnowbecamebothnationalmuseumandlibrary.大英博物馆(BritishMuseum)又称不列颠博物馆，是一位于英国伦敦的综合博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最著名的博物馆之一，成立于1753年。目前博物馆拥有藏品1300多万件。由于空间的限制，目前还有大批藏品未能公开展出。博物馆在1759年1月15日起正式对公众开放。历史：大英博物馆的渊源最早可追溯到1753年。汉斯·斯隆(HansSloane1660-1753年)爵士是当时的一位著名收藏家，1753年他去世后遗留下来的个人藏品达1700件，...
