初中阅读理解做题技巧阅读材料题材:故事,寓言,人物,科普,政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁:记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文,新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信,图画,表格等学生素质•阅读速度•理解程度•思维能力•综合文化素质具体考查的内容•理解具体信息•推测生词词义•理解概念性含义•判断、推理和引申•理解主旨要义•理解结构,句段关系•理解作者意图解题步骤一、快速阅读,读懂大意二、明确要求,逐一解答三、重读问题,理解问题四、带着问题,重读文章五、复读全文,最后把关题型大聚会•1.推理题•2.词汇题•3.主旨题•4.态度观点题•5.代指题解题技巧碰碰碰(一)推理题及解题技巧•推理题:数字推理知识推断逻辑推理细节推断考查理清上下逻辑关系的能力(最难)。考查学生•判断、推理和引申•理解作者的意图、观点或态度•常用逻辑词:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。技巧•1.吃:吃透意思•2.捕:捕捉线索•3.挖:挖掘加工•4.握:把握关系•5.摸:揣摸作者1.知识推断题知识推断:根据细节,运用基础知识进行分析、推敲,得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。实例Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire(蓝宝石)worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apolicesaid.Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseumC2.逻辑结论推断题逻辑结论:指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。实例Myfatherhaslittletimeforfilms.Butonedayashefinishedhiswork,hefoundafilmticketundertheglassonthedesk.Hewenttothecinemaquickly.Whenhewasseated,awomancametomyfatherandsaidtheseatwashers.TheybothtookouttheirticketsandfoundtheseatshownonthemwasRow8,Seat16.Afterlookingattheticketmorecarefully,myfathersaid,“Sorry,it’snottoday’sticket.”•Fromthispassagewecanknowthatthewriter’sfatherwas____________.careless3.细节推断为了阐明主题,作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题,如what,who,where,when,等,即“supportingdetails”。实例•Whenthebellwasringing.Theboyscameintotheroom.Eachonehadabatoraball.Allhadredfaces.Theyweregladtogetintotheirseats.Theteachersaiditwastimetogetbacktowork.Whichofthefollowingsentenceisprobablytrue?A.Theclasswasover.B.Theboyshadjustcomebackfromplaying.C.Theteachertoldtheboystowork.B常见的推理判断题题干①Accordingtothepassage,what/whichis“……”?②Whichofthefollowingstatementis(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?③Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/correct/mentionedexcept?(二)词汇题及解题技巧•测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。•标志是Theunderlinedword“…”inline…refersto…技巧•返回原文,找到该句子•结合上下文,理解该词意思•重点抓字面含义,不要进行归纳,演绎,推理•选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同,只是用其他词汇表达•超纲词汇不是正确答案•正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后1.通过因果关系猜词借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等等)Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.猜词题实例2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词1)同义词•and或or连接的词组e.g.happyandgay•解释过程中使用的同义词e.g.ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiter...2)反义词表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等•与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语Heissohomely,notashandsomeashisbrother.3.通过构...