Unit18GrammarTheAttributiveClause1.定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和冠词副词。when,where,whywho,whom,whose,that,which,as起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。起连词作用，本身作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系副词关系代词2.掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时,要特别注意以下几点:1).指人时宜用who的情况:a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those时,关系代词用who.Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.There’sabeautifulgirlwhocametoseeyouthismorning.b.在therebe开头的句子中。ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.d.在非限定性定语从句中。2)、指物时宜用that的情况：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.a.当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时.Hespokeofthemenandthethings(that)hehadseen.b.当先行词既指人又指物时。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.c.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.d.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every等修饰时。Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?c.当先行词时疑问词who,what,which时。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.f.关系代词在从句中作表语。3).只能用which不能用that的情况：Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.b.关系代词作介词的宾语。a.引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。4).关系代词as和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.()Asyouknow,heisagoodman.()FT5).当先行词被thesame修饰时，关系代词既可用that，也可用as，但意义不同。Thisisthesamebookthatlentyouyesterday.这是我昨天借给你的书。（）ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.同一本书这本书和我昨天借给你的那本一样。（）同样一本书6).关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于onwhich,inwhich,forwhich等，可以互换：Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcome.7).whose指物时,可以与ofwhich等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的关系。Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecove/whosecoverisblue.8).有时可用that代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/thathecamelate.9).先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.10).在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起句意的变化：Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他没说使她生气的话。Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不发，这使她非常生气。Hisbrother,whoisasoldier,willcometoseehim.Hisbrotherwhoisasoldierwillcometoseehim.对比下面两句有何不同?定语从句专项练习1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when,whichC.which;thatD.when;who2.WilmabecamethefirstAmericanwomantowinthreeOlympicgoldmedalsintrack,_____madehermotherveryproud.A.itB.thatC.whichD.thisBC3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_____youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.whereC./D.when4.Idon’tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.A./B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich5.Themostimportantthing_____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_____Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;thatCAD6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandperson________noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Heneverreadsanything_____isnotworthreading.A.whichB.asC.whoD.that8.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.itDDC9.______wasexpected,hefailedintheexam.A.ThatB.AsC.WhichD.It10.Icanneverforgettheday_____weworkedtogetherandtheday_____wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when11.Thechildrenclimbedupthehill,_____theypicnicked.A.onitstopB.onthetopofitC.onwhosetopD.onthetopofthatBAC12.Istillremembertheday______Ifirstcametothecollege.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.atwhichD.which13.Thefactory_____hismotherworksisintheeastofthecity.A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD.where14.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhichADA16.Isthisthehouse____Jimwasborn?A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.atthat17.Isthishouse_____Jimboughtlastyear?A.thatB.whereC.theoneD.whichthat18.Heistheonlyoneofthethree_____gotthenewidea.A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehadCCCGrammarcomesfrompracticeandshouldguidepractice.
