Unit1GreatscientistsUnit1GreatscientistsWhoarethey?Whoarethey?MarieCurieEinsteinZuChongzhiCharlesDarwinNewtonArchimedesStephenHawkingZhangHeng•Task1.Discussthefollowingquestionwithyourpartner:Doyouknowthenamesofsomefamousscientists?Whataretheyfamousfor?Thentrythequizonpage1.JohnSnow(1813-1858)wasbornandworkedasadoctorinGreatBritain.Hewasoriginallyananesthetist,whichmeansthatheputpeopletosleepduringoperations.Healsobegantoexperimentusingthesamedrugstohelpwomenwhentheyhadbabies.ThatiswhyhebecamethedoctorforQueenVictoriaatthebirthsofhermanychildren.Atthattimehelived,cholerawasthemostfrighteningdisease.Therewerefouroutbreaksofcholerainthe1830sand1840s,whichkilledmanythousandsofpeopleintheindustrialcitiesofEngland.In1853therewereoutbreaksinNewcastleandGateshead.InLondonmorethantenthousandpeopledied.Thenin1854onAugust31st“themostterribleoutbreakofcholerawhicheveroccurredinthekingdom”began.Itwassoviolentandsuddenthat127peoplearoundBroadStreetdiedinthefirstthreedays.JohnSnowfoundthecauseofthediseaseandhewasthefirstepidemiologist(流行病学家)orcommunityhealthdoctor.Task2.Ssdiscussandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?2.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?Discussinsmallgroupsthestagesinexamininganewscientificidea.Whatorderwouldyouputthemin?DrawaconclusionFindaproblemThinkofamethodAnalysetheresultsCollectresultsRepeatifnecessaryMakeupaquestion1234567Task3:Firstreading:Ssreadthetextandtellwhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.(T/F)1.Asadoctor,beingabletoattendQueenVictoriawasanhonourablethingatthattime.2.Althoughcholeracouldn’tbecured,itscausewasknowntopeopleinthedaysofJohnSnow.3.JohnSnowdoubtedthetwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople,sohedidinvestigationtotestthem.4.Theresultswouldn’thavebeensoclearwithoutthemapJohnSnowhaddrawn.5.Thepolluteddirtywaterfromtheriverwastoblameforthedisease.•TFFTTTask4.Ssreadeachparagraphandfinishthefollowingchart.Para.StagesinanexperimentExampleinthisinvestigation1234567FindaproblemMakeupaquestionThinkofamethodCollectresultsAnalyseresultsRepeatifnecessaryMakeaconclusionWhatcausescholera?Whichtheoryiscorrect?Collectdataonthosewhowereillordiedandwheretheygottheirwater.Plotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie.Analysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.Findotherevidencetoconfirmyourconclusion.Thewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedsothatitissafe.Task5.Thirdreading:Ssreadagainandfillinthechart.ScientificReportbyJohnSnowTheproblemThecauseIdea1:Idea2:ThemethodTheresultsIdea1or2?Why?TheconclusionNobodyknewthecausedoftheseriousdiseaseofcholera.strangecloudintheairthatattackedvictimspeopleabsorbedthediseasewiththeirmealsCollectdatafromthenextcholeraattacktotesttheories.Trytoprovewhichmethodwascorrect.Hefoundthecauseofcholerawasthepollutedwater.Idea2becausethedatashowedaconnectionwiththewater.JohnSnowwasabletodefeatcholeraonceitscausewasknown.Task5:Ssingroupsanddiscuss:1.Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?Why?2.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?3.Whatcanyoulearnfromthistext?
