附录语法过关落实(一)名词一、名词的同义词辨析1.常作为考点的名词同义词approach;method;way;meansarea;region;field;districtargument;quarrel;debateaward;reward;prizebackground;environment;surroundingbehaviour;action;actbenefit;profitcase;example;instance;samplecause;reason;excuseclimate;weathercondition;situationcontest;competition;match;raceconsequence;resultcustom;habit;practicediet;fooddirection;instructionenergy;strength;force;power;abilityevent;affair;businessfault;mistake;errorglimpse;glance;look;sightlabour;work;job;taskmessage;news;information;wordopinion;idea;thought;mindpattern;design;style;modelpercent;percentagepractice;training;exercisepurpose;aim;goal;targetscene;scenery;sight;viewshade;shadowskill;abilityspirit;couragesymbol;sign;markterm;condition;casetouch;contact;connectionvalue;price;costvariety;speciesview;sight;visionvoyage;trip;journeywage;salary;pay;income2.名词同义词辨析题解题技巧从三个方面考虑:①词义;②搭配(与介词或动词搭配);③惯用法【例1】FindingoutabouttheseuniversitieshasbecomeeasyforanyonewithInternet________.A.entranceB.admissionC.accessD.entry[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。entrance“入口,门口,进入”;admission“允许进入,承认”;entry“进入,入口”。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等地的权利。如:Theywererefusedentrancetotheexhibition.“他们被拒于展览会门外。”Entrytothemuseumisfree.“这家博物馆免费进入参观。”Shefailedtogainadmissiontotheuniversityofherchoice.“她没有被自己选择的大学录取。”access“通道”,也可指接近或使用某东西的“权利,机会”。如:Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.“学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。”根据题意“对于可以使用互联网的人来说,要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。”可知答案为C。【例2】Exceptonformal________suchasofficialreception,Americansocietyhasacertainamountofinformality.A.conditionsB.casesC.occasionsD.situations[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单词都可作“情况”解。condition常与介词in或under搭配使用,多用复数形式:in/under...conditions“在……情况下,在……条件下,在……环境下”,但condition也可与介词on搭配,只能用单数形式:onconditionthat“只要,条件是”。case与介词in搭配:inthat/thiscase“在那(这)种情况下,如果那(这)样的话”,insuchcases“在这种情况下”,incaseof“如果,万一”。occasion与介词on搭配:onthat/thisoccasion“在那(这)种场合”,onspecialoccasions“在特殊场合”。situation与介词in搭配:inadifficultsituation“处境困难”,inunexpectedsituations“在意外情况下”。据此可知本题答案为C,题意是“除了在官方接待这样的正式场合,美国社会是较为随便的。”【例3】“Idon’tthinkit’smy________thattheTVblewup.Ijustturnediton,that’sall,”saidtheboy.A.errorB.mistakeC.faultD.duty[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。error,mistake和fault都可译为“错误”,但itisone’sfault是惯用法。如:It’snotmyfault./Whosefaultisitthatwe’relate?根据题意“我认为电视机爆炸不是我的错,我只是打开了电视,仅此而已。”可知答案为C。二、名词与动词的搭配playjokes/trickson开……的玩笑;捉弄takeadvantageof利用put...intopractice;turn...intoreality实行;实施taketroubletodosth.不辞劳苦地做某事havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难makeanefforttodosth.努力去做某事takepainstodosth.尽力去做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事takenonoticeof;paynoattentionto不注意;忽视keep/getintouch/contactwith;haveconnectionwi...