语法专题-----定语从句考点聚焦1.定语从句引导词的确定.2.非限制性定语从句的判定.3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别.知识链接•一.基本知识•二.关系代词和关系副词的确定•三.只用that不用which的情况•四.只用which而不用that的几种场合•五.只用who而不用that的几种场合•六.Which和whose作定语的区别•七.非限制性定语从句的主要应用场面•八.“介词+关系代词”结构的用法基本知识定语从句:修饰其某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.先行词:被从句修饰的词叫先行词.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.一.基本知识关系词关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有when,where,why等.作用(1)引导定语从句:(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分.例句:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.在该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句.先行词“theman,who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语二.关系代词和关系副词的确定1.当先行词指人时,在定语从句中作主语用who/that,作宾语用whom/that,作定语用whose2.当先行词指物时,在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which/that,作定语用whose.4.当先行词指地点时,在定语从句中作状语用where,作主语或宾语用which/that.3.当先行词指时间时,在定语从句中作状语用when,作主语或宾语用which/that.5.当先行词指原因时,在定语从句中作状语用why,作主语或宾语用which/that.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略,但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语时不能省略;当第一个定语从句的关系代词作宾语省略时,第二个引导定语从句的用作宾语的关系代词则不可省略.eg:TheWestLake,whichHuangzhouisfamousfor,isabeautifulplace.Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(定语)(介宾)(宾语)(状语)典型赏析(tryyoubestplease)(1)That’sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter____he’sdoneforyou.(NMET2004)A.SomethingB.anythingC.allD.thatC(2)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.(2004.湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA(3)Iworkinabusiness____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004湖北)A.howB.whichC.whereD.thatC(4)Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(2004浙江)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.whichD(省略that)inYouareexcellentstudentsComeon三.只用that不用which的情况1.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。如：thefirsttextthatwearetolearnisverydifficult.2.当先行词是不定代词时。如all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,none,nothing,noone,some等。eg:I’minterestedineverythingthatIdon’tknow.3.当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery.theright,thelast,few,just等修饰时。eg:There’snodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.(1)Thisistheveryplace____I’mgoingtoliveinnextmonth.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhichC(2)Ihavefoundthesameboy___Imetwithlastmeek.A.asB.thatC.whenD.thanB9.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时.如:Thevillageisnolongerthepoorplacethatitusedtobe.8.当先行词前有such或thesame修饰,先行词和关系代词指同一物时.如:ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.5.当主句上以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时.如:Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow.6.在therebe或therelive结构中,用that引导且多省略.如:Therearefourdesksinthemiddl...
