语法专题(十)虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于条件句虚拟语气应用于条件状语从句中，虚拟条件句以及主句谓语动词的构成形式如下表：说明从句主句与现在事实相反If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词过去式通常用were)主语＋would或should/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反If＋主语＋动词的过去完成式主语＋would或should/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反①If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词过去式通常用were)②If＋主语＋should＋动词原形③If＋主语＋wereto＋动词原形主语＋would或should/could/might＋动词原形主句中的should常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思用情态动词could，might，从句中的be动词在第一、三人称后有时也有用was的。1．与现在事实相反IfIwereyou，Iwouldn'tdoit.如果我是你，我就不去做这件事。Ifyouhurried，youwouldcatchthebus.你要是赶快，你是会搭上车的。(可你是这样慢吞吞的。)Ifhewerehere，everythingwouldbeallright.要是他在这儿，一切都没问题了。这样考过①(2009·天津)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit________breakdownwithinthefirstyear，wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A．wouldB．shouldC．couldD．might解析：句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：Ifitbrokedown/Ifitweretobreakdown/Ifitshouldbreakdown。答案：B2．与过去事实相反Ifyouhadgotupearlier，youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早点儿起来，你就会赶上火车了。IfIhadbeenthere，Iwouldhavehelpedher.如果我那时在那儿，我就帮助她了。IfIhadn'ttakenyouradvice，Iwouldhavemadeabigmistake.我要不是听了你的劝告，就会犯大错误。这样考过②(2009·福建质检)—Ididn'tgotothemovielastnightbecauseoftherain.—Whatapity！IfIhadgottheticket，I________it.A．wouldn'thavemissedB．wouldn'tmissC．didn'tmissD．hadn'tmissed解析：由句中whatapity！(真遗憾)知本句考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。其构成为：if条件句(过去完成时)，主句(情态动词＋现在完成时)。综上，选A。答案：A③(2009·厦门质检)—Whydidn'tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?—Ididn'twantone，buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI______.A．didB．wouldC．willD．had解析：由句意：我是不想要，如果我要是要的话，他就会给我的。由句中的Ididn'twantone知与过去事实相反。从句用过去完成时，主句用wouldhavedone形式。答案：D3．与将来事实相反Ifitrainedtomorrow，weshouldstayathome.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(最近天气好，下雨的可能性不大。)Ifheshouldcome，Icouldhaveatalkwithhim.如果他来，我就能跟他谈谈。IfIweretodoit，Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。这样考过④(2009·湖南长郡中学)Ifyourstudyplanssucceeded，you________yourmarksinthefollowingexam.A．willincreaseB．havebeenincreasingC．haveincreasedD．wouldbeincreasing答案：D4．省略if的虚拟条件从句如果条件状语从句的谓语动词有were，had或should，可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前面，以倒装形式表示虚拟条件。例如：WereIyou，Iwoulddothesame.如果我是你，我也会这样做。(＝IfIwereyou)Hadyoucomeyesterday，youwouldhavemethim.如果你昨天来，你就见到他了。(＝Ifyouhadcomeyesterday)Shouldtherebeaflood，whatshouldwedo？万一发生洪水，我们怎么办？(＝Ifthereshouldbeaflood)Werehetocome，Imightgowithhim.他若是来，我就可能跟他去。(＝Ifheweretocome)这样考过⑤(2008·安徽皖南八校联考)________it________toraintomorrow，thesportsmeetwouldbeputoffuntilthesametimenextweek.A．Should;/B．If;shouldC．Were;/D．If;wasgoing解析：这是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，当省略if时，句子要倒装，恢复为正常语序是：Ifitweretoraintomorrow，...答案：C⑥(2006·湖北)________fired，yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A．WouldyoubeB．Sho...
