语法知识语法知识名词性语从句名词性语从句GrammarGRAMMAR:NOUNCLAUSESNOUNCLAUSEINTRODUCEDBY“THAT”1.______heisoftenlateforclassmakestheteacherangry.Itisgoodnews_______ourteamhaswonthegame.Itissaid________hehasbeentoAustralia.2.Iknow_______paperwasinventedbytheChinesefirst.3.Thefactis______hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeyesterdaywas_______hewasill.4.Haveyoueverheardofthenews_______hehasenteredNanjingUniversity?ThatthatthatthatthatthatthatII.NOUNCLAUSEINTRODUCEDBY“WHETHER”1.Itdoesn’tmatter_________hewillcomeornot.Itmakeslittledifference_________hewilljoinusinthematch.2.Iwonder____________we’llhaveaholidaythisweek.Thesuccessoftheworkdependson_________hewillworkhardornot.3.Thequestionis__________ornothewillgiveusmuchhelp.4.Ihavenoidea__________Icandotheworkwell.whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherIII.NOUNCLAUSESINTRODUCEDBY“WHO,WHICH,WHAT;WHEN,WHERE,HOW…”1.*__________weneedismoretimeandmoremoney.*__________willgodoesn’tmakeanydifference.*______________wantstogoisallowedtogo.*_________teamwillwinthegameisunknowntous.*_________surprisedhisfatherwasthathehadpassedtheexamination.*Is_________hesaidreallytrue?2.*Idon’tknow__________wewillholdthemeetingtomorrow.WhatWhoWhoeverWhichWhatwhatwhere3.*Thequestionis__________________wecandotheexperiment.*Hedidn’tcomehereyesterday.Thatwas__________hewasill.(c.f.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcomehereyesterdaywas____________hewasill.)*Thisis__________wefoughttheJapaneseinvadersmanyyearsago.when/where/howbecausethatwhere*Itlooks________itwere/wasgoingtorain.*Therewasatrafficjamontheroad.Thatwas_______hewaslateforschool.*Thequestionis________willbechosenchairman.*Ourschoolisnolonger_______itusedtobe.asifwhywhowhat4.*Youhavenoidea_______worriedIwasthen.*Ihavenoidea_________hewillbeback.*Canyougivesomeadvice_____________Imustgothere?howwhenwhen/howTheSubjectClauseBeginningWith“It”:1.Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,anhonor,nowonder,goodnews,etc.)that…e.g.*Itisapitythatourteamhaslostthematch.*Hedidn’tstudyhard.(Itis)nowonder(that)hefailedintheexam.*Itisanhonorthattheministerwillvisitourschool.2.Itisstrange(clear,obvious,quiteclear,true,good,fortunate,wonderful,funny,possible,quiteimpossible,likely,unlikely,unusual,certain,*natural,*surprising,*necessary,etc.)that…e.g.ItiswonderfulthattheOlympicswillbeheldinChina.Itisnecessarythatyou(should)behereontimetomorrow.3.Itseems(appears,happens,chances,turnsout,proves,thuscameabout,*suddenlystruckme,*occurredtome,etc.)that…e.g.ItseemsthatTomhasknownthenews.---Tomseemstohaveknownthenews.ItsuddenlystruckmethatImustgomyself.4.(A).Itissaid(reported,announced,arranged,believed,decided,stressed,expected,thought,supposed,rumoured,etc.)that…(直陈语气)e.g.ItissaidthatshehasbeentoAustralia.----SheissaidtohavebeentoAustralia.Itissupposedthattherewillbeastormtonight.----Thereissupposedtobeastormtonight.(B).Itisordered(asked,suggested,demanded,insisted,etc.)that…(should)do/be…(虚拟语气)e.g.Itisorderedthatthetroop(should)bewithdrawnatonce.5.Itisnotknown(unknown,notdecided,notmadeclear,tobefoundout,tobemadeclear,tobeargued,tobediscussed,beingdiscussed,beingconsidered,aquestion,amystery,uncertain,doubtful,opentoquestion,etc.)wh-clause…e.g.Itisnotknownwhenthetrainwillarrive.Itisbeingdiscussedwhetherhewillbesenttostudyabroad.6.Itdoesn’tmatter(*doesn’tmaketoomuch/anydifference,*doesn’tseemtomattermuch,doesn’tneedtobebothered,*isoflittleconsequence,doesn’taffectus,etc.)wh-clausee.g.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewilljoinusinthegame.Itmakeslittledifferencewhowillgototheparty.V.SomeOtherImportantPoints:1.who/whoever:*Whowillbechosenpresidenthasn’tbeendecided.----Ithasn’beendecidedwhowillbechosenpresident.*Whoevercutsthetreesdownmustbepunished.(whoever=anyonewho;c.f.Thosewho…)*Ifyoudon’tneedthesemagazines,youmaygivethemtowhoeverneedsthem.2.what/whatever:*Pleasetellmewhattimeitis.IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.(=thethingthat)*Herearemanybooks.Youmayreadwhateveryoulike.(=anything/everythingthat)(宾语)Whateverisimportantshouldbedonefirst.(主语)3.TheComparisonofSomeClauses:*ThisistheplacewhereIworked3yearsago.(定语从句)ThisiswhereIworked3yearsago.(表语从句)*Ialmostforgotthedatewhenhewasborn.(定语从句)Ialmostforgotwhenhewasborn.(宾语从句)*Tellmethereasonwhyyouarelatetoday.(定语从句)Tellmewhyyouarelatetoday.(宾语从句)*Idon’tknowwhetheritisgoingtorain.(宾语从句)Itisnotknownwhetheritisgoingtorain.(主语从句)Thequestioniswhetheritisgoingtorain.(表语从句)Ihavenoideawhetheritisgoingtorain.(同位语从句)
