Alternative words and expressionsbreak down food using teethouter covering of a body or plantthe lower part or point of somethingbe happy and satisfied with; not wanting moresurprise greatlyastonishin every part ofthroughoutspecial, more than usualparticularsomeone or something that is not successfulfailureextremely goodwhen water is hot enough to turn into gasboiloutstandingchewskinbottomcontent Answer key for Exercise 2:chew; astonished; bottom; contented; particular; throughout; failure; skin NounAdjectiveNoun Adjectiveenjoymentenjoyabledifficultydifficultentertainmententertainingcrueltycruelmouthmouthfulhonestyhonesthelphelpfulfortunefortunate 动词 -ing 形式作表语、定语和宾补一、动词一、动词 -ing-ing 形式作表语形式作表语动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。 Our greatest happiness is serving the people.（动名词）我们的任务是建设社会主义。 Our task is building socialism. （动名词） 我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。 The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词）他的话很鼓舞人。 His words are encouraging. （现在分词） 常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising 等。全析提示：（ 1 ）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。（ 2 ）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，如 very, rather 等。 二、动词二、动词 -ing-ing 形式作定语形式作定语动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。修饰名词的谓语。我们必须改进工作方法。We must improve our working method. （动（动名词...
