( 五 ) 介 词 一、方位介词1.above , over , on ; below , under , beneath (1)above 侧重于相对水平高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词是 below 。 (2)over 侧重于垂直高度,即位于正上方,其反义词是 under 。 (3)on 侧重于与物体表面接触,其反义词是 beneath 。 Be careful , there is a heavy box over your head. The position he pointed to was below the sea level. 2.across , over , through , past across 意为“横穿、穿越”,表示运动发生在物体的表面。 over 意 为“跨过,越过”,表示运动发生在物体的上方。 through 意为 “ 穿 过,通过”,表示运动发生在某物的空间。 past 意为“从…… 旁经过”,表示运动发生在某物旁边。 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east , across desert , over mountains , through valleys till at last it reaches the sea.3.in , on , to 在方位名词前的区别。 in 表示在范围之内; to 表示在某范围之外的地方; on 表示“毗 邻”“接壤”。 Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China. Japan is/lies to the east of China.二、时间介词1.at , in , on , by , after2.for , from , since for 后接时段的名词词组,表示行为状态持续了多久。 from 接时 间点的名词词组,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续 时间的长短。 since 接时间点的名词词组,不仅表示行为或状态 的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时 此刻,因而与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。 Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. My younger sister began to learn dancing from the age of five. He has been working in Tibet since he graduated from college.三、工具、手段、方式介词1.by , in , on 三词都表示旅行的方式。 名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等时用 on/in 。 travel to New York in this plane ; go to school on my bike 【说明】 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用 on 。 on foot , on horseback, on a horse , on the camel2.with , by , in 三...