高中常见的电解电极反应方程式总结1.电解 CuCl2溶液阳极:2Cl- - 2e- == Cl2↑ 阴极:Cu2+ + 2e- == Cu总反应式:2Cl- + Cu2+ Cl2↑ + Cu2.电解精炼铜阳极(粗铜):Cu - 2e- == Cu2+ 阴极 (纯铜) :Cu2+ + 2e- == Cu总反应式:无3.电镀铜阳极(纯铜):Cu - 2e- == Cu2+ 阴极(待镀金属,如 Fe):Cu2+ + 2e- == Cu总反应式:无4.电解饱和食盐水阳极:2Cl- - 2e- == Cl2↑ 阴极:2H2O + 2e- == H2↑ + 2OH-总反应式:2Cl- +2H2OH2↑+Cl2↑ +2OH-5.电解 HCl 溶液阳极:2Cl- - 2e- == Cl2↑ 阴极:2H+ + 2e- == H2↑总反应式:2Cl- + 2H+ Cl2↑ + H2↑6.电解 NaOH 溶液阳极:4OH- - 4e- == O2↑ + 2H2O 阴极:4H2O + 4e- == 2H2↑ + 4OH-总反应式:2H2O 2H2↑ + O2↑7.电解 H2SO4溶液阳极:2H2O - 4e- == O2↑ + 4H+ 阴极:4H+ +4e- == 2H2↑总反应式:2H2O 2H2↑ + O2↑8.电解 KNO3溶液阳极:2H2O - 4e- == O2↑ + 4H+ 阴极:4H2O + 4e- == 2H2↑ + 4OH-总反应式:2H2O 2H2↑ + O2↑9.电解 CuSO4溶液阳极:2H2O - 4e- == O2↑ + 4H+ 阴极:2Cu2+ + 4e- == 2Cu↓总反应式:2Cu2+ + 2H2O 2Cu↓ + O2↑ + 4H+10.电解 AgNO3溶液阳极:2H2O - 4e- == O2↑ + 4H+ 阴极:4Ag+ + 4e- == 4Ag↓总反应式:4Ag+ + 2H2O 4Ag↓ + O2↑ + 4H+