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Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing Unit 2 The environment栏目导引栏目导引Unit 2 The environment具有形容词或副词作用的动词 - ing 形式一、概念及构成1 ．具有形容词或副词作用的动词 - ing 形式即传统语法所指的现在分词 ( 与动名词同形 ) ，也属非谓语动词。其形容词作用是在句中作定语、表语、补足语 ( 宾补和主补 ) ；其副词作用是在句中作状语。另外，动词 - ing 形式往往可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成现在分词短语。现以 do 为例，将现在分词的时态及语态列表如下：栏目导引栏目导引Unit 2 The environment时态主动被动意义一般式完成式The professor came in ， following the headmaster.教授跟着校长进来了。The question being discussed is very important.现在正在讨论的问题很重要。Having finished their work ， they had a rest.完成工作后，他们就休息了。Having been scolded many times by the boss, he decided to leave. 被老板责骂很多次后，他决定离开。doingbeing done现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生having donehaving been done现在分词动作先于谓语动作发生栏目导引栏目导引Unit 2 The environment2 ．现在分词的否定形式现在分词的否定式由“ not ＋现在分词”构成 ( 完成式的否定式是将 not 置于 having 之前 ) 。Not being able to understand English, he didn’t know what they wanted.由于不懂英语， 他不知道他们想要什么。Not having heard from her husband for a long time, the wife worried a great deal.由于很久没有收到丈夫的来信， 妻子很担心。栏目导引栏目导引Unit 2 The environment二、现在分词的句法功能( 一 ) 作定语和表语1 ．作定语作定语的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。现在分词还可以作非限制性定语 ( 相当于一个非限制性定语从句 ) ，它和句子的其他部分用逗号分开。The sleeping child is Jack’s little brother.在睡觉的孩子是杰克的小弟弟。The man speaking to the teacher( ＝ who is speaking to the teacher)is our monitor’s father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。Tom, arriving late(who arrived late), was not permitt...